Mathematics

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Generalizations of Holders and some related integral inequalities on   fractal space

Generalizations of Holders and some related integral inequalities on fractal space

: ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ด๋ก  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ํ˜ธ๋”(Hรถlder) ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ถ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฏธ์ ๋ถ„ํ•™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ธ๋” ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์€ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ ๋‚ด์ ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‘์šฉ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1. ํ˜ธ๋” ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™” ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํ˜ธ๋” ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ๋ณต์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ถ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฏธ์ ๋ถ„ํ•™์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, pโ‚๊ณผ pโ‚‚๊ฐ€ ์–‘์ˆ˜์ผ ๋•Œ์™€ 0 < pโ‚ < 1์ด๊ณ  pโ‚‚ < 0์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค.

Mathematics
On a property of the $n$-dimensional cube

On a property of the $n$-dimensional cube

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ณ ์ฐจ์› ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ์ด๋ก ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ n์ฐจ์› ํ๋ธŒ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, n โ‰ฅ 4์ผ ๋•Œ, |V'| โ‰ฅ 2^(n 1) + 1์ธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ V'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํด๋ผ์šฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์ˆœํ™˜์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ ๋“ค์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ •์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ์ด๋ก ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…๋“ค์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , n์ฐจ์› ํ๋ธŒ Qn๊ณผ ํด๋ผ์šฐ(K1,3)์˜ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, n์ฐจ์› ํ๋ธŒ๋Š” ๊ฐ ์ฐจ์›๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •์  ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋Š” ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ •์ ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์™„์ „ ์ด๋ถ„ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ K1,3์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ

Mathematics Computer Science Discrete Mathematics
Fourier Cosine and Sine Transform on fractal space

Fourier Cosine and Sine Transform on fractal space

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์–‘ ํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์‘์šฉ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ”„๋ž™ํƒˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ์˜ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ํ•ด์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํ•œ ์—ฐ์† ํ”„๋ž™ํƒˆ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ๋ฏธ์ ๋ถ„ํ•™์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์–‘ ํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฝ”์‚ฌ์ธ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๋“ค์€ ๊ณตํ•™ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์—์„œ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ํ”„๋ž™ํƒˆ ์ฐจ์› ฮฑ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ„์„์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์–‘ ํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ณ€ํ™˜์˜ ์ •์˜์™€ ์„ฑ์งˆ ์–‘ ํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ณ€ํ™˜์€ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ๋ฏธ์ ๋ถ„ํ•™์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ”„๋ž™ํƒˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ์˜ ์—ฐ์† ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ

Mathematics
A conjecture on independent sets and graph covers

A conjecture on independent sets and graph covers

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ฐœ๋…์ธ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๊ณผ ์ปค๋ฒ„๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ M ์ปค๋ฒ„์™€ ๋ฒ ํ…Œ ๊ทผ์‚ฌ(Bethe approximation) ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„ํ•  ํ•จ์ˆ˜(partition function)์™€ ์ž์œ  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€(free energy)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. 1. ๋‹ค๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋‹คํ•ญ์‹๊ณผ M ์ปค๋ฒ„ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ G์˜ ๋‹ค๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋‹คํ•ญ์‹์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋…๋ฆฝ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‹คํ•ญ์‹์€ G์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…๋ฆฝ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ I์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด x^{|I|

Mathematics Computer Science Discrete Mathematics
A Variant of Azumas Inequality for Martingales with Subgaussian Tails

A Variant of Azumas Inequality for Martingales with Subgaussian Tails

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ Azuma ๋ถ€๋“ฑ์‹์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊นŠ์ด ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด Azuma ๋ถ€๋“ฑ์‹์€ ํ™•๋ฅ ์  ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋งˆ๋ฅดํŒ…์•Œ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ ด์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ๋ถ€๋“ฑ์‹์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ๊ฐ„ t์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด |Zt|๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ˆ˜ b ์ด๋‚ด๋กœ ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์—์„œ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ๋งˆ๋ฅดํŒ…์•Œ์˜ ๊ฐ ํ•ญ์ด ๊ณ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋กœ ํฐ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋”๋ผ๋„ Azuma ๋ถ€๋“ฑ์‹์„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, '๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”' ๋งˆ๋ฅดํŒ…์•Œ์—

Mathematics Machine Learning Computer Science
The quadratic WDVV solution $E_8(a_1)$

The quadratic WDVV solution $E_8(a_1)$

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ณ ์ฐจ์› ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์™€ ํ”„๋กœ๋ฒค๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค ๋งŒ๋Œ(Frobenius Manifold) ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊นŠ์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, Eโ‚ˆ(aโ‚)๋ผ๋Š” ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” Witten Dijkgraaf Verlinde Verlinde (WDVV) ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํŽธ๋ฏธ๋ถ„ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ๋ฒค๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค ๋งŒ๋Œ์€ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๊ฐ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ Eโ‚ˆ ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ž ์žฌ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„

MATH-PH Mathematics Nonlinear Sciences
No Image

Properties of proper rational numbers

Catchy Title KO: ์œ ๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ณฑ์…ˆ: ์ง„๋ถ„์ˆ˜์™€ ์ •์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ํƒ๊ตฌ Abstract KO: ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •์ˆ˜์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜, ํŠนํžˆ ์ง„๋ถ„์ˆ˜์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ณฑ์…ˆ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ถ„๋ฒ•์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์œ ๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ, ์ง„๋ถ„์ˆ˜์˜ ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ง„๋ถ„์ˆ˜์™€ ์ •์ˆ˜์˜ ํ•ฉ๊ณผ ๊ณฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋‘ ์ง„๋ถ„์ˆ˜์˜ ํ•ฉ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณฑ์ด ์ •์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๋‘ ์œ ๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ•ฉ๊ณผ ๊ณฑ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ •์ˆ˜์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ ๋‘ ์œ ๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ •์ˆ˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

Mathematics
SPM Bulletin 32

SPM Bulletin 32

[Catchy Title KO]: ์นœ๊ตฌ Ljubiลกa Koฤinac์˜ ์ƒ์ผ์„ ๊ธฐ๋…ํ•˜๋Š” ํ† ํฌ๋กœ์ง€ ์›Œํฌ์ˆ [Abstract KO]: ์ด ๋ฌธ์„œ๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ์ธ Ljubiลกa Koฤinac ์”จ์˜ 65์„ธ ์ƒ์ผ์„ ๊ธฐ๋…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์ง๋œ IV ์›Œํฌ์ˆ: ํ† ํฌํ•™์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฎ๊ฐœ, ์„ ํƒ ๋ฐ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•ˆ๋‚ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์›Œํฌ์ˆ์€ ์„ธ์ฝ˜๋‹ค ์œ ๋‹ˆ๋ฒ ๋ฅด์‹œํƒ€ ๋”” ๋‚˜ํด๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜ํ•™๋ถ€์—์„œ 3์›” 2์ผ(๊ธˆ)์— ๊ฐœ์ตœ๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋Š” ์•ฝ 30๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ์ง„ํ–‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์žฌ์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์› ๋ฐ ๋“ฑ๋ก๋น„ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์•„์ง ํ™•์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ๋„ ๋ถ„์„ (Deep Analysis KO): ์ด

Mathematics
An easily verifiable proof of the Brouwer fixed point theorem

An easily verifiable proof of the Brouwer fixed point theorem

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ์–ด ๊ณ ์ •์  ์ •๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ •๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ฆ๋ช…์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์•„๋ž˜ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ฆ๋ช… ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์ฆ๋ช… ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ์–ด ๊ณ ์ •์  ์ •๋ฆฌ์™€ Sperner ์ •๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. Sperner ์ •๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์Šค๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ์–ด ๊ณ ์ •์  ์ •๋ฆฌ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‘ ์ •๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฆ๋ช… ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„

Mathematics
mizar-items: Exploring fine-grained dependencies in the Mizar   Mathematical Library

mizar-items: Exploring fine-grained dependencies in the Mizar Mathematical Library

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ MML(Mathematical Meta Language) ๋‚ด์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ์˜์กด์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํ™œ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. MML์€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ฆ๋ช…๊ณผ ์ •๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์‹ํ™”๋œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ, ์•ฝ 1,100๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์™€ 250๋งŒ ์ค„ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” 5๋งŒ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ •๋ฆฌ์™€ 1๋งŒ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฝ”ํผ์Šค๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ Mizar items ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ MML ๋‚ด์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธ ์˜์กด์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ 

Digital Libraries Mathematics Computer Science
A possible use of the Khas protractor

A possible use of the Khas protractor

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€ ์นด์˜ ๋ฌด๋ค์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ž(protractor)๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋ฉด ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ€์„ค์€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ์„๊ณต ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ฑด์ถ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋„“ํžˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์นด์˜ ๋ฌด๋ค์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ๋ฌผ์ฒด ์นด์™€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์•„๋‚ด ๋ฉ”๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๋ฌด๋ค์€ 18์™•์กฐ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์กด๋œ ๋ฌด๋ค์œผ๋กœ, ์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€ ์นด๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋ชฉ์žฌ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์ ‘์ด์‹ ๊ด€์ ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ž(cubit)์™€ ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ๋„๊ตฌ ๋“ฑ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌผํ’ˆ๋“ค์€ ์นด์˜ ์ง

Physics Mathematics
A Note on the Group-theoretic Approach to Fast Matrix Multiplication

A Note on the Group-theoretic Approach to Fast Matrix Multiplication

: ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ–‰๋ ฌ ๊ณฑ์…ˆ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ๋ณต์žก๋„๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์ด๋ก ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋ ฌ ๊ณฑ์…ˆ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ O(nยณ) ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์žก๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ Don Coppersmith์™€ Shmuel Winograd์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œ์‹œ๋œ O(nยฒ.376) ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์žก๋„์˜ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ–‰๋ ฌ ๊ณฑ์…ˆ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์ด๋ก ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, 2003๋…„์— ์ฝ”ํ—จ(Cohn)๊ณผ ์šฐ๋งŒ์Šค(Umans)์ด

Symbolic Computation Mathematics Computer Science
Toda tau functions with quantum torus symmetries

Toda tau functions with quantum torus symmetries

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์œ„์ƒ ๋ฌธ์ž์—ด์˜ ๋…น๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ • ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ 5์ฐจ์› ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€ ์ด๋ก  ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋…น๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ • ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ, ํŠนํžˆ ์œ„์ƒ ๋ฌธ์ž์—ด๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š”๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋ถ„ํ•  ํ•จ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํŠน์ • ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋  ๋•Œ Toda ๊ณ„์ธต์˜ ํƒ€์šฐ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์™€ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. Toda ๊ณ„์ธต์€ ํ†ต์ƒ์ ์ธ ํŽ˜๋ฅด๋ฏธ์˜จ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ํŒŒ์ƒ๋œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ, ์ด๋ก  ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์—์„œ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” Toda ํƒ€์šฐ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์™€ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋œ ๋ถ„ํ•  ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์–‘์ž ํ† 

HEP-TH Nonlinear Sciences Mathematics MATH-PH
Liber Mathematicae: A Web-Based Documentation and Collaboration Project   for Mathematics

Liber Mathematicae: A Web-Based Documentation and Collaboration Project for Mathematics

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์ถœํŒ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์ง€์‹์€ ์ฑ…์ด๋‚˜ ํ•™์ˆ ์ง€์— ์ธ์‡„ ๋งค์ฒด๋กœ ์ถœํŒ๋˜์–ด ์™”์ง€๋งŒ, ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ถœํŒ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์—ด๋ ธ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์ถœํŒ๋ฌผ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์˜ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, arXiv๋Š” PDF ํ˜•์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŒ…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ธ์‡„์šฉ ๋ฌธ์„œ ์ „์†ก ๋ฐ ํ˜•์‹ ์œ ์ง€์— ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ํ™•์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ณต์‚ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค. ์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„์™€ ๊ฐ™

Digital Libraries Mathematics Computer Science
$sigma$-homogeneity of Borel sets

$sigma$-homogeneity of Borel sets

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ณด๋  ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋™์งˆ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊นŠ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์นธํ† ์–ด ์ง‘ํ•ฉ C ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ณด๋  ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๊ทธ ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” h ๋™์งˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋  ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋™์งˆ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ์ •์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค: ์นธํ† ์–ด ์ง‘ํ•ฉ (C) : ์ด์‚ฐ์  ์ˆ˜์™€ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ P, Q๋กœ ํ‘œ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค์ˆ˜ R์€ P์™€ Q์˜ ํ•ฉ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ๋‹ค. h ๋™์งˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ : 0์ฐจ์› ํ† ํด๋กœ์ง€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ X๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋น„๊ณตํ—ˆ ํด๋กœํ”„ ์—ด๋ถ„ U์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด U์™€ X๊ฐ€ ํ™ˆ๋ชจ๋ฅดํ”ฝ(h

Mathematics
Upside Down Magic, Bimagic, Palindromic Squares and Pythagoras Theorem   on a Palindromic Day - 11.02.2011

Upside Down Magic, Bimagic, Palindromic Squares and Pythagoras Theorem on a Palindromic Day - 11.02.2011

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์  ๋””์ž์ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋งˆ์ˆ  ์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜•๊ณผ ํ”ผํƒ€๊ณ ๋ผ์Šค ์ •๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2011๋…„ 2์›” 11์ผ(11.02.2011)์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ด ๋‚ ์งœ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆซ์ž๋“ค(0, 1, 2)๋งŒ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋งˆ์ˆ  ์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜•๊ณผ ๋น„๋งˆ์ˆ  ์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜•์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”ผํƒ€๊ณ ๋ผ์Šค ์ •๋ฆฌ์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ 3x3, 4x4, 5x5 ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋งˆ์ˆ  ์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜•์ด ํ”ผํƒ€๊ณ ๋ผ์Šค ์ •๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋ธ”๋ก์˜ ํ•ฉ์€ S1 33 (3x3), S14ร—4 444

Mathematics
A Short Note on Fuzzy Characteristic Interior Ideals of   Po-Gamma-Semigroups

A Short Note on Fuzzy Characteristic Interior Ideals of Po-Gamma-Semigroups

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ˆœ์„œ ฮ“ ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ(Po ฮ“ semigroup)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ์ด์ƒ์ (fuzzy characteristic ideal) ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ถ”์ƒ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ ์ด๋ก  ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ต์ฐจ์ ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. 1. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ •์˜์™€ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ฮ“ ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด Po ฮ“ semigroups์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์งˆ๋“ค์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ์ ์€, ์ด๋“ค ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด

Mathematics
Two Applications of Desargues Theorem

Two Applications of Desargues Theorem

1. ๋ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅด๊ทธ์˜ ์ •๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ทธ ์ฆ๋ช… ๋ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅด๊ทธ์˜ ์ •๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘ ์‚ผ๊ฐํ˜•์ด ์›์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์œ„์น˜ํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์˜ ๊ต์ฐจ์ ์ด ์ผ์ง์„  ์œ„์— ๋†“์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ •๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฉ”๋„ค๋ผ์šฐ์Šค ์ •๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ๋ช… ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๋‘ ์‚ผ๊ฐํ˜• ABC์™€ A1B1C1์˜ ๋ณ€๋“ค์ด ๊ต์ฐจํ•˜๋Š” ์  N, M, P๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ง์„  ์œ„์— ๋†“์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅด๊ทธ์˜ ์ •๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•จ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. 2. ํ˜ธํ•™์  ์‚ผ๊ฐํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์‘์šฉ ํ˜ธํ•™์ ์ธ ์‚ผ๊ฐํ˜•์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€๋“ค์ด ์ผ์ง์„  ์œ„์— ๊ต์ฐจ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ผ๊ฐํ˜•๋“ค์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ

Mathematics
Minimum settling time control design through direct search optimization

Minimum settling time control design through direct search optimization

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ PID ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์‘๋‹ต ์†๋„์™€ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ์Šน ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ •์ฐฉ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํŽธ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ PID ๊ณ„์ˆ˜

Mathematics Computer Science Systems and Control
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A characterization of the category Q-TOP

1. ์„œ๋ก  ์„œ๋ก ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์ „ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. E.G. Manes๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด '๊ณต๋ฆฌ์ '์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, Srivastava์™€ Solovyov๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ

Mathematics
Some Software Packages for Partial SVD Computation

Some Software Packages for Partial SVD Computation

1. ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋œ PROPACK PROPACK์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ SVD ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ, ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ•ต ๋…ธ๋ฆ„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” PROPACK์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋žŒ ์Šˆ๋ฏธํŠธ ์ง๊ตํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ 15%์—์„œ 20%๊นŒ์ง€ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋œ ๋ฒ„์ „์€

Mathematical Software Mathematics Computer Science
Injectivity and flatness of semitopological modules

Injectivity and flatness of semitopological modules

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๊ฐœ๋…์ธ ์ฃผ์ž…์„ฑ(injectivity)๊ณผ ํ‰๋ฉด์„ฑ(flatness) ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ฑ์งˆ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๊ฐ์ฒด์— ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์ž…์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ‰๋ฉด์„ฑ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ฐœ๋… ์ฃผ์ž…์„ฑ์€ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด ํ•˜์—์„œ '์ฃผ์ž…'๋˜๋Š” ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, A ๋ชจ๋“ˆ E'๊ฐ€ ฯƒ(E', E)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜ํ† ํด๋กœ์ง€์ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, k ๋ฒกํ„ฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ E๋Š” A์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ์ธก ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ฃผ์ž…์„ฑ์€ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋งคํ•‘์ด ์ผ๋Œ€์ผ(one to

Mathematics
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Projection Operator in Adaptive Systems

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ ์‘ ์ œ์–ด ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํˆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ž์˜ ์—ญํ• ๊ณผ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊นŠ์ด ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ด์‚ฐ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์˜ ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ํˆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ž๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์  ํ•ด์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋•๋Š”๋‹ค. 1. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋จผ์ € ์ด์‚ฐ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์˜ ์„ฑ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์‚ฐ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ E ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋‘ ์  x์™€ y๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ, ์ด ๋‘ ์ ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ๋ถ„ ์œ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ ๋„ E์— ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์„ฑ์งˆ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํˆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ž์˜ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. 2. ํˆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ž์™€ ๊ทธ ํŠน์„ฑ ํˆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ž๋Š” R^k ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ ฮธ, y์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ

Nonlinear Sciences Computer Science System Mathematics Systems and Control
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On the variational noncommutative Poisson geometry

: ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ณ ์ฐจ์› ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋น„์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ๋ณ€๋ถ„ ํฌ์Šจ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ํŠนํžˆ ๋น„์ปค๋„ ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ•ด๋ฐ€ํ„ด ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ง„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๋„๊ตฌ์™€ ์ด๋ก ์ด ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์—์„œ์˜ ์‘์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ์ œํŠธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ n์ฐจ์› ์œ ํ–ฅ R ๋‹ค์ค‘๋ณ€ ๊ณก๋ฉด ์œ„์—์„œ ์ •์˜๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌดํ•œ ์ œํŠธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ Noether ๋น„์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ์„ ํ˜• ํ–‰๋ ฌ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ž๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ณ€๋ถ„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, A์˜ ๊ณต์—ญ Aโ€ ๋Š” pโ‚๊ณผ A(pโ‚‚)

HEP-TH Mathematics MATH-PH Nonlinear Sciences
A generalized Young inequality and some new results on fractal space

A generalized Young inequality and some new results on fractal space

: ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ „์ ์ธ ์˜ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์ˆ˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์–‘(Yang) ๋ถ„์ˆ˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์  ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ๋ฒˆ์„ ๋ถ„์ˆ˜ ์ฐจ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๊ณ ์ „์ ์ธ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€์ ๊ณผ ํ™•์žฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. 1. ์–‘(Yang) ๋ถ„์ˆ˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ์ด๋ก  ์–‘(Yang) ๋ถ„์ˆ˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ์ด๋ก ์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜, ๋ถ„์ˆ˜ ์ฐจ์›์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์–‘(Yang) ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์  ํ‘œํ˜„์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ๋ฒˆ์ด ๋ถ„์ˆ˜ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„๋œ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, 1ฮฑ + 2ฮฑ 3ฮฑ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€

Mathematics
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Guaranteed successful strategies for a square achievement game on an n by n grid

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜• ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์—์„œ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ์ „๋žต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒŒ์ž„์€ n x n ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์œ„์—์„œ ๋‘ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด๊ฐ€ 'O'์™€ 'X'๋ฅผ ๋ฒˆ๊ฐˆ์•„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง ๋ณ€์˜ ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ์— 4๊ฐœ์˜ ์…€์„ ์ ์œ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šน๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ SQRGAME2๋ผ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด n์ด 3, 4, 5์ผ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์ „๋žต์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ์ž„์˜ ๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ ์ง„ํ–‰ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. G๋Š” 0๋ถ€ํ„ฐ (์ ์–ด๋„) n 1๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ •์ˆ˜ ์ธ๋ฑ์Šค ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€

Mathematics Computer Science Discrete Mathematics
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A Theorem of Probability

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ก ์—์„œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…์ธ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ’๊ณผ ๋ฌด์ž‘๋ž˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์‹œํ€€์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: 1. ํ™•๋ฅ  ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ •์˜ : ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋จผ์ € ํ™•๋ฅ  ๊ณต๊ฐ„ (ฮฉ, F, P) ๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ฮฉ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ, F๋Š” ์ด๋“ค ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ทธ๋งˆ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜(sigma algebra), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  P๋Š” ํ™•๋ฅ  ์ธก๋„(probability measure)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ Xโ‚™์€ ๊ฐ ฯ‰ โˆˆ ฮฉ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๊ฐ’๋“ค์€ ๋น„์Œ(non negative)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์˜ ์ •์˜ :

Mathematics
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A radial version of the Central Limit Theorem

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์›๋ž˜์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๊ทนํ•œ์ •๋ฆฌ(Central Limit Theorem, CLT)๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌํ˜• ๋ฒ„์ „์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ™•์žฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋น„๋“ฑ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ๊ฐ€์šฐ์Šค ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ทผ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌํ˜• CLT์™€ ๋น„๋“ฑ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ๊ฐ€์šฐ์Šค ํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ทผ์‚ฌ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐ•์Šค ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ํญ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋น„๋“ฑ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ๊ฐ€์šฐ์Šค ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ทผ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ 4๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ฐ•์Šค ์Šคํ”Œ๋ผ์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๋ถ„์‚ฐ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ฐ•์Šค ๋ถ„ํฌ ํญ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด

Information Theory Mathematics Computer Science Computer Vision
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Definition and Existence of the Eigenderivative

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ณ ์œ ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ๊ณ ์œ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ '๊ณ ์œ ๋„๋ฏธ์•ˆ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กด์žฌ์„ฑ ์ฆ๋ช…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„ ํ˜• ๋Œ€์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋ฐ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ํ•ด์„ํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ž์˜ ๊ทผ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋จผ์ € ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณต์†Œ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜ํ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ X์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ์ง๊ต ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์™„์„ฑ์ฒด๋กœ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ค์ •์€ ๊ณ ์œ ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ๊ณ ์œ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠน

Mathematics
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Extrapolation of Urn Models via Poissonization: Accurate Measurements of the Microbial Unknown

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ๋‚ด์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž, ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํด๋ž˜์Šค์˜ ๋น„์œจ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ '๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ์–‘'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ธก์ •์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์šฐ๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ํฌ์ƒํ™” ๋…ผ์ฆ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ์•„์ง ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ข…์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ์–‘์„ ์ถ”๋ก ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋„ ์›๋ณธ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ

Quantitative Biology Statistics Mathematics Model
Total coloring of pseudo-outerplanar graphs

Total coloring of pseudo-outerplanar graphs

: 1. ์ด ์ƒ‰์น  ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๊ทธ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ ์ด ์ƒ‰์น  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ์ด๋ก ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ์ •์ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ„์„ ์— ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์„ ํ• ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ด ์ƒ‰์น  ์ถ”์ธก์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ฐจ์ˆ˜ ฮ”(G)์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ, ์ด ์ถ”์ธก์ด ์ฆ๋ช…๋˜๋ฉด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ํด๋ž˜์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด ์ƒ‰์ƒ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ์œ„์ƒ์  ์™ธํŒ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์˜ ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ ์œ„์ƒ์  ์™ธํŒ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋ธ”๋ก์ด ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ์› ์œ„์—์„œ ์ •์ ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ„์„ ๋“ค์ด ์›์˜ ๋””์Šคํฌ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ต์ฐจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜

Mathematics Computer Science Discrete Mathematics
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Representing a profinite group as the homeomorphism group of a continuum

: ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ”„๋กœํ•€ํŠธ ๊ตฐ(profinite group)์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ์ด๋ก ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”„๋กœํ•€ํŠธ ๊ตฐ์„ ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™ˆ์˜ค๋ชจ๋ฅดํ”ผ์ฆ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน(homeomorphism group)์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. 1. ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™” ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ”„๋กœํ•€ํŠธ ๊ตฐ์ด ์ปดํŒฉํŠธํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™ˆ์˜ค๋ชจ๋ฅดํ”ผ์ฆ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ๋™ํ˜•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(

Mathematics
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The M/M/Infinity Service System with Ranked Servers in Heavy Traffic

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฌดํ•œ ์„œ๋ฒ„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ Newell์ด ์ œ๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ท ํ˜• ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณ ๊ฐ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์„œ๋ฒ„์˜ ์ธ๋ฑ์Šค ๋ถ„ํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ทผ์‚ฌ์‹๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—„๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์ฆ๋ช…๊ณผ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ฐจ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ˜๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ธ๋ฑ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋น„์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ์„œ๋ฒ„์— ํ• ๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” M/M/โˆž ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ฮป โ†’ โˆž์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Newell์€ L์ด '

Performance Mathematics Computer Science System
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The Degree Sequence of Random Apollonian Networks

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋žœ๋ค ์•„ํด๋กœ๋‹ˆ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ(RANs)์˜ ์ •๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊นŠ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ์ด๋ก ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. RANs๋Š” ํ‰๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋กœ์„œ, ๊ฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ์‚ผ๊ฐํ˜•์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •์ ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. 1. ์„œ๋ก  ์„œ๋ก ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด ์„ค๋ช…๋œ๋‹ค. RANs๋Š”

Physics Network Mathematics Social Networks Computer Science
A Thomason-like Quillen equivalence between quasi-categories and   relative categories

A Thomason-like Quillen equivalence between quasi-categories and relative categories

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์–ผ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ(quasi categories)๊ณผ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ(relative categories) ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ์กฐ์•Œ ๋™ํ˜•์„ฑ(Quillen equivalence)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‘ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. 1. ์กฐ์•Œ ๋™ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ†ฐ์Šจ ๋™ํ˜•์„ฑ ์กฐ์•Œ ๋™ํ˜•์„ฑ์€ ๋‘ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ(model categories) ๊ฐ„์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋™์น˜๊ด€๊ณ„์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ

Mathematics

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