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VOGCLUSTERS: an example of DAME web application

VOGCLUSTERS: an example of DAME web application

VOGCLUSTERS ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์€ํ•˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ(GC) ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ˜ ์›น ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ VOGCLUSTERS์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์€ํ•˜ ํƒ์‚ฌ ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์€ํ•˜ ๋‚ด ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ(GC)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์–‘์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์€ํ•˜ ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ์ง„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ๊ณผ

Databases Computer Science Astrophysics
An easily verifiable proof of the Brouwer fixed point theorem

An easily verifiable proof of the Brouwer fixed point theorem

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ์–ด ๊ณ ์ •์  ์ •๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ •๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ฆ๋ช…์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์•„๋ž˜ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ฆ๋ช… ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์ฆ๋ช… ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ์–ด ๊ณ ์ •์  ์ •๋ฆฌ์™€ Sperner ์ •๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. Sperner ์ •๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์Šค๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ์–ด ๊ณ ์ •์  ์ •๋ฆฌ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‘ ์ •๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฆ๋ช… ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„

Mathematics
Okuns law revisited. Is there structural unemployment in developed   countries?

Okuns law revisited. Is there structural unemployment in developed countries?

: ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์˜ค์ฟค์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ค์—… ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค์ฟค์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์€ GDP ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์‹ค์—…๋ฅ  ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ์‹ค์งˆ GDP 1์ธ๋‹น ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ 1. ์˜ค์ฟค์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™ ์žฌ๊ฒ€ํ†  : ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์˜ค์ฟค์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ค์—… ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” GDP ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์‹ค์—…๋ฅ  ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค์—… ๋™์—ญํ•™์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„์ด๋‹ค. 2. ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์ค‘๋‹จ์  ๋„์ž… : ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์ค‘๋‹จ์ ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ

Quantitative Finance
VC dimension of ellipsoids

VC dimension of ellipsoids

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์—˜๋ฆฝ์†Œ์ด๋“œ์˜ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” VC ์ฐจ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ•™์Šต ์ด๋ก ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์„ ํƒ์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. 1. VC ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์ •์˜์™€ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ VC ์ฐจ์›์€ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ, ๊ฒฝํ—˜์  ๊ณผ์ • ์ด๋ก , ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ํ•™์Šต ์ด๋ก , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์‚ฐ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, VC ์ฐจ์›์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋ธ ์„ ํƒ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. 2. ์—˜๋ฆฝ์†Œ์ด๋“œ์™€ ๊ฐ€์šฐ์‹œ์•ˆ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์—˜๋ฆฝ์†Œ์ด๋“œ๋Š” d์ฐจ์› ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์ •์˜๋˜๋Š” ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ,

Mathematics Statistics Computer Science Machine Learning
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Definition and Existence of the Eigenderivative

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ณ ์œ ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ๊ณ ์œ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ '๊ณ ์œ ๋„๋ฏธ์•ˆ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กด์žฌ์„ฑ ์ฆ๋ช…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„ ํ˜• ๋Œ€์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋ฐ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ํ•ด์„ํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ž์˜ ๊ทผ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋จผ์ € ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณต์†Œ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜ํ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ X์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ์ง๊ต ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์™„์„ฑ์ฒด๋กœ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ค์ •์€ ๊ณ ์œ ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ๊ณ ์œ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠน

Mathematics
Implementing Continuation based language in GCC

Implementing Continuation based language in GCC

: 1. CbC์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์™€ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ CbC๋Š” Continuation Passing Style(CPS)์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ, GNU C ์ปดํŒŒ์ผ๋Ÿฌ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์†๋„๋กœ ์‹คํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. CPS ๋ณ€ํ™˜์€ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ํ˜ธ์ถœ์„ ์—ฐ์† ์ „๋‹ฌ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฝ”๋“œ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ CPS ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ GCC์— ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด C์™€ CbC๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์–ธ์–ด์ธ CwC๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2. CbC์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ํŠน์ง• CbC๋Š” ์ฝ”๋“œ ์„ธ๊ทธ๋จผํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜

Programming Languages Computer Science
mizar-items: Exploring fine-grained dependencies in the Mizar   Mathematical Library

mizar-items: Exploring fine-grained dependencies in the Mizar Mathematical Library

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ MML(Mathematical Meta Language) ๋‚ด์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ์˜์กด์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํ™œ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. MML์€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ฆ๋ช…๊ณผ ์ •๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์‹ํ™”๋œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ, ์•ฝ 1,100๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์™€ 250๋งŒ ์ค„ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” 5๋งŒ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ •๋ฆฌ์™€ 1๋งŒ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฝ”ํผ์Šค๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ Mizar items ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ MML ๋‚ด์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธ ์˜์กด์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ 

Digital Libraries Mathematics Computer Science
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Extrapolation of Urn Models via Poissonization: Accurate Measurements of the Microbial Unknown

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ๋‚ด์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž, ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํด๋ž˜์Šค์˜ ๋น„์œจ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ '๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ์–‘'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ธก์ •์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์šฐ๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ํฌ์ƒํ™” ๋…ผ์ฆ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ์•„์ง ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ข…์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ์–‘์„ ์ถ”๋ก ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋„ ์›๋ณธ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ

Quantitative Biology Statistics Mathematics Model
Swiss Elections to the National Council: First trials with e-voting in   elections at federal level

Swiss Elections to the National Council: First trials with e-voting in elections at federal level

1. ์ „์žํˆฌํ‘œ ๋„์ž… ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์‹œ๋„ ์Šค์œ„์Šค๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ 1994๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šฐํŽธ ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์›๊ฒฉ ํˆฌํ‘œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ฐธ์—ฌ์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์•ฝ 90% ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํˆฌํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์šฐํŽธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์žํˆฌํ‘œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์œ„์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ํ•ด์™ธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ์Šค์œ„์Šค ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํˆฌํ‘œ ์ฑ„๋„๋กœ์„œ ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2000๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ œ๋„ค๋ฐ”, ๋‰ด์ƒคํ…”, ์ทจ๋ฆฌํžˆ ์„ธ ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์ „์žํˆฌํ‘œ ์‹œ๋ฒ” ์šด์˜์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ด ๊ฐ ์ฃผ์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์กฐ์ • ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ฃผ ์ •์น˜ ์ฒด์ œ

Computers and Society Computer Science
Bringing the LHC and ATLAS to a regional planetarium

Bringing the LHC and ATLAS to a regional planetarium

: ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฏธ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฃผ๋ฆฝ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์˜ ์•„๋ธŒ๋žŒ ์ฒœ๋ฌธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ LHC์™€ ATLAS ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ํ™๋ณด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ค‘ํ™”์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์—, ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ฐฝ์˜์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์ฒœ๋ฌธ๋Œ€ ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ ์ฒœ๋ฌธ๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ต์œก ๋ฐ ํ™๋ณด์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฒœ๋ฌธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ น๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณผํ•™์  ์ง€์‹์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฃผ๋ฆฝ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์˜ ์•„๋ธŒ๋žŒ ์ฒœ๋ฌธ๋Œ€๋Š” ๋งค๋…„ ์•ฝ 35,000๋ช…์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ๊ฐ์„ ๋งž์ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ์ด

Physics HEP-EX
An Efficient Paging Algorithm for Multi-Carrier CDMA System

An Efficient Paging Algorithm for Multi-Carrier CDMA System

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฌด์„  ํ†ต์‹  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜(MS)์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ง(Pageing) ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด CDMA ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ MS๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฌธ์ œ์  ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด CDMA ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ๋Š” MS๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ์ฒญ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด, ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ์ฑ„๋„ ์ž์›์ด ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋™์‹œ ๊ฒ€

Networking System Computer Science
Banded Householder representation of linear subspaces

Banded Householder representation of linear subspaces

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋Œ€์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ํ–‰๋ ฌ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ณผ ํ‘œํ˜„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ํ•˜์šฐ์Šคํ™€๋” ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค: 1. ํ•˜์šฐ์Šคํ™€๋” QR ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ๊ฐœ์š” : ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋จผ์ € ํ•˜์šฐ์Šคํ™€๋” QR ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด m ร— n ์ง๊ต ํ–‰๋ ฌ U ๋ฅผ n ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ•˜์šฐ์Šคํ™€๋” ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ(reflection)์˜ ๊ณฑ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ด n(m (n + 1)/2) ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถ€๋™ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์  ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์‘์šฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ–‰๋ ฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋งŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง๊ต ํ–‰๋ ฌ์€ ๋™๋“ฑํ•˜๋‹ค. 2. ๋ฐด๋“œ ํ•˜์šฐ์Šคํ™€๋” ๋ถ„ํ•ด

Numerical Analysis Computer Science
Secured color image watermarking technique in DWT-DCT domain

Secured color image watermarking technique in DWT-DCT domain

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด DWT DCT ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์—์„œ ์ƒ‰์ƒ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์›Œํ„ฐ๋งˆํ‚น ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ YIQ ์ƒ‰ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ณผ DWT, DCT๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ํ•˜์œ„ ๋Œ€์—ญ์— ์›Œํ„ฐ๋งˆํฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์›Œํ„ฐ๋งˆํ‚น์€ ์›๋ณธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์— ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ˆจ๊ฒจ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์„ ๋ช…์‹œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์›Œํ„ฐ๋งˆํ‚น ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์€ ๊ฐ•์ธ์„ฑ, ์ง€๊ฐ ํˆฌ๋ช…๋„, ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ๋ธ”๋ผ์ธ๋“œ ์›Œํ„ฐ๋งˆํ‚น์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์š”์†Œ์— ์˜ํ•ด

Multimedia Computer Science
A Note on the Grothendieck Group of an Additive Category

A Note on the Grothendieck Group of an Additive Category

๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ํ•œ๊ธ€ ์ œ๋ชฉ: ๊ฐ€์‚ฐ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์™€ ๊ทธ๋กœํ…๋””ํฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๋™ํ˜•์„ฑ ์ดˆ๋ก ์ „์ฒด ๋ฒˆ์—ญ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ฆฌ: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ฐ€์‚ฐ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์˜ ์Šคํ”Œ๋ฆฟ ๊ทธ๋กœํ…๋””ํฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์˜ ์œ ํ•œ ๋ณต์žก์ฒด์˜ ํ˜ธ๋ชจํ† ํ”ผ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ผ๊ฐํ™”๋œ ๊ทธ๋กœํ…๋””ํฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ๋™ํ˜•์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ฐ€์‚ฐ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ A์™€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์œ ํ•œ ๋ณต์žก์ฒด์˜ ํ˜ธ๋ชจํ† ํ”ผ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ Kb(A)๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ, A์˜ ์Šคํ”Œ๋ฆฟ ๊ทธ๋กœํ…๋””ํฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน KโŠ•(A)๊ฐ€ Kb(A)์˜ ์‚ผ๊ฐํ™”๋œ ๊ทธ๋กœํ…๋””ํฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน Kโ–ณ(Kb(A))์™€ ๋™ํ˜•์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ˜ธ๋ชจํ† ํ”ผ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์—์„œ์˜ ์—์šธ๋Ÿฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์›๋ž˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ

Mathematics
Discovery of the Expansion of the Universe

Discovery of the Expansion of the Universe

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ƒ์„ธํžˆ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ํ—ˆ๋ธ”๊ณผ ํ•˜๋งˆ์†์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 1920๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1930๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ด€์ธก๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ์ฃผ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํƒ์ƒ‰ ์œ„๋ฅด์ธ ์™€ ๋ฃฌ๋งˆํฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์†๋„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํƒ์ƒ‰์„ ์ด๋Œ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„๋ฅด์ธ ๋Š” 1922๋…„๊ณผ 1924๋…„์— ๋‚˜์„  ์€ํ•˜๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์ƒ‰ํŽธ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฃฌ๋งˆํฌ ์—ญ์‹œ 1925๋…„์— ์ž‘์€ ์„ฑ์šด์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋”

Astrophysics Physics
Tight binding description of the electronic response of a molecular   device to an applied voltage

Tight binding description of the electronic response of a molecular device to an applied voltage

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ์ „์••์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ผ๊ด€๋œ TB ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ์ „์ž ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์ „์••์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ถ„์ž ์žฅ์น˜์˜ I(V) ํŠน์„ฑ ์˜ˆ์ธก์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ถ„์ž ์ „์ž ๊ณตํ•™์€ ๋‹จ์ผ ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ์šด๋ฐ˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „์— ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ TB ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์ •์•ฝ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ์ „์ž ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•๋“ค์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ์˜ ์ ์šฉ์ด ์–ด๋ ค์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Physics
Complexity of Bondage and Reinforcement

Complexity of Bondage and Reinforcement

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ง€๋ฐฐ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ˆซ์ž์™€ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ์ˆซ์ž์˜ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ์ด๋ก ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ NP ์™„์ „์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. 1. ์ง€๋ฐฐ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ G (V, E)์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ผญ์ง“์ ์ด ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋‚ด์˜ ์ธ์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ผญ์ง“์ ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ปค๋ฒ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ฐฐ ์ˆซ์ž ฮณ(G)๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ตœ์†Œ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” NP ์™„์ „์ž„์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ

Mathematics Computational Complexity Computer Science
On inconsistencies in passive pharmacokinetics

On inconsistencies in passive pharmacokinetics

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ˆ˜๋™ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ๋™๋ ฅํ•™์—์„œ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ €์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ง„ํ™” ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ๋™๋ ฅํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ๊ณผ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ๋™๋ ฅํ•™์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, $C(t)$๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ $t$์—์„œ์˜ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜

Quantitative Biology
An Efficient Preprocessing Methodology for Discovering Patterns and   Clustering of Web Users using a Dynamic ART1 Neural Network

An Efficient Preprocessing Methodology for Discovering Patterns and Clustering of Web Users using a Dynamic ART1 Neural Network

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์›น ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ํŒจํ„ด ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ง ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด๋ณด์ž. 1. ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ์›น ๋กœ๊ทธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ž์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•œ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ •๊ตํ•œ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋กœ๊ทธ ํŒŒ์ผ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ 73 82%๊นŒ์ง€ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ๋ถ„์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜

Neural Computing Network Computer Science
Application of the Modified 2-opt and Jumping Gene Operators in   Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm to solve MOTSP

Application of the Modified 2-opt and Jumping Gene Operators in Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm to solve MOTSP

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค๋ชฉ์  ์—ฌํ–‰ ํŒ๋งค์› ๋ฌธ์ œ(Multi Objective Traveling Salesman Problem, MOTSP)๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์œ ์ „ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ 2 opt์™€ ์ ํ”„ ์œ ์ „์ž ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ž๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ Elitist ๋น„์šฐ์›” ์ •๋ ฌ ์œ ์ „ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜(NSGA II)์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์—ฌํ–‰ ํŒ๋งค์› ๋ฌธ์ œ(TSP)๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ, ๋‹จ์ผ ๋ชฉ์  TSP๋Š” NP ์™„์ „ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ชฉ์  TSP์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ชฉํ‘œ(์˜ˆ: ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ)๋ฅผ ์ตœ

Neural Computing Artificial Intelligence Computer Science
No Image

The Igusa-Todorov function for comodules

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๊ตฌ์‚ฌ ํ† ๋„ํ”„(IT) ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฝ”๋ชจ๋“ˆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค: 1. IT ํ•จ์ˆ˜์™€ quasi Frobenius ์„ฑ์งˆ: IT ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ฝ”์•Œ๊ฒŒ๋ผ์—์„œ ๊ฐ ์œ ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ฑ ์šฐ(์ขŒ) ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ•ต์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜ธ๋ชฐ๋กœ์ง€ ๋„๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ(์ขŒ) ์•„ํ‹ด ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ ๋ง์˜ selfinjectivity๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด quasi Frobenius ์„ฑ์งˆ๊ณผ IT ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. 2. ์ขŒ(์šฐ) qcF ์ฝ”์•Œ๊ฒŒ๋ผ์˜ ์ •์˜์™€ IT ํ•จ์ˆ˜: ์ขŒ(์šฐ) qua

Mathematics
Effects of Rotation on Pulsar Radio Profiles

Effects of Rotation on Pulsar Radio Profiles

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํŽ„์‚ฌ์˜ ์ž์ „์ด ์ „ํŒŒ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ƒ์„ธํžˆ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ํŽ„์‚ฌ์˜ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์ž์ „ ์†๋„์™€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์ด ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํŒŒ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์ธ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ๊ณก๋ฅ  ๋ณต์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ญํ•  ํŽ„์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋น ๋ฅธ ์ž์ „ ์†๋„์™€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ž ๋ณ„๋กœ, ์ด๋“ค ํŠน์ง•์€ ํŽ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์ „ํŒŒ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŽ„์‚ฌ์˜ ์ „ํŒŒ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ก ์  ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด 'ํž˜ ์—†์ด' ์ดˆ๊ฐ•๋ ฅ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์˜ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์„ ์ ๋ถ„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ๊ณก๋ฅ  ๋ณต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…๋ฉ

Astrophysics
Losing money with a high Sharpe ratio

Losing money with a high Sharpe ratio

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํˆฌ์ž ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ธก์ • ์ง€ํ‘œ์ธ ์ƒคํ”„ ๋น„์œจ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋†’์€ ์ƒคํ”„ ๋น„์œจ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๊ฐ€ ์†์‹ค์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ƒคํ”„ ๋น„์œจ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์‹ค์ œ ์ž๋ณธ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์ƒคํ”„ ๋น„์œจ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ดํ•ด ์ƒคํ”„ ๋น„์œจ์€ ํˆฌ์ž ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์ด ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์œ„ ์œ„ํ—˜๋‹น ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฒค์น˜๋งˆํฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฒค์น˜๋งˆํฌ๋ฅผ 0์œผ๋กœ

Quantitative Finance
Numerical simulations of relativistic magnetic reconnection with   Galerkin methods

Numerical simulations of relativistic magnetic reconnection with Galerkin methods

) ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ก ์  ์ž๊ธฐ ์žฌ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊นŠ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ฒœ์ฒด๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ˜„์ƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ, ํŠนํžˆ ํŽ„์‚ฌ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ถŒ, ๊ฐ๋งˆ์„  ํญ๋ฐœ์„ฑ ์ œํŠธ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฒœ์ฒด์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ๋‹ค. 1. ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ก ์  ์ž๊ธฐ ์žฌ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ก ์  ์ž๊ธฐ ์žฌ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์ €์žฅ๋œ ์ž๊ธฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์—ด๊ณผ ์šด๋™ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ฒœ์ฒด๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ˜„์ƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ก ์  Petschek ์žฌ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ด ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๊ธฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ

General Relativity Astrophysics
A Radio Based Intelligent Railway Grade Crossing System to Avoid   Collision

A Radio Based Intelligent Railway Grade Crossing System to Avoid Collision

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ฒ ๋„ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ ๊ต์ฐจ์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€๋Šฅํ˜• ์ฒ ๋„ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ตฌํ˜„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ž‘๋™ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ๋ฌด์„  ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ด์ฐจ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐ ํ‡ด์ถœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. 1. ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ธ์‹ ์ฒ ๋„ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ ๊ต์ฐจ์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์šด์ „์ž์˜ ๊ณผ์‹ค, ์•…์ฒœํ›„, ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ตํ†ต ๊ณ„ํš ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฒŒ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋”์šฑ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ตœ๊ทผ 5๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ƒ์„ ์ž…์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2. ๊ธฐ์กด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜

Computer Science System Systems and Control
Complexity

Complexity

1. ํ™˜์›์ฃผ์˜์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๊ณ ์ „์ ์ธ ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ฐ ๊ณตํ•™์€ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜์›์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„, ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์—์„œ ํ™˜์›์ฃผ์˜์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™˜์›์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ ๊ตฐ๋ฝ์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ ๋–ผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ ํ–‰๋™์€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ํ–‰๋™๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ , ์ด์›ƒ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ˜„์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์  ์†์„ฑ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ '๋ฒ•์น™'๊ณผ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ „

Other CS Computer Science
A Non-Equilibrium Ionization Model of the Local and Loop I Bubbles -   Tracing the Ovi Distribution

A Non-Equilibrium Ionization Model of the Local and Loop I Bubbles - Tracing the Ovi Distribution

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ˜„์ง€ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ(Local Bubble)๊ณผ Loop I ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์˜ ๋น„ํ‰ํ˜• ์ด์˜จํ™” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ OVI(Oxygen VI) ํก์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ์กฐ ๋ฐ€๋„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ด€์ธก ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„ 3์ฐจ์› ์œ ์ฒด์—ญํ•™ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด์˜จํ™” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์ง„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ด€์ธก ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ LB ๋ฐ Loop I ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋ก : ํ˜„์ง€ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์€ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ X์„  ๋ฐฉ์ถœ ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ์„ฑ์งˆ์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ด๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํƒœ

Model Astrophysics
A Rejoinder on Energy versus Impact Indicators

A Rejoinder on Energy versus Impact Indicators

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง€ํ‘œ์ธ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ง€ํ‘œ(I3)๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ €๋„ ์ธ์šฉ ์ ์ˆ˜(JCS)์™€ ๋ถ„์•ผ ์ธ์šฉ ์ ์ˆ˜(FCS)๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ท ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ๋‘ ํžˆํŠธ(citations)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์€ ์ถฉ๋Œ ์‹œ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํ…€์˜ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ ํ•ฉ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ธ์šฉ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ์Šค์นผ๋ผ ํ•ฉ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํƒ€๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” I3๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ Prathap (2011a)์˜ ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ํ™•๋ฅ ์  ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์—ด์—ญํ•™์  ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด

Physics Computer Science Digital Libraries
Factorial Moments in Complex Systems

Factorial Moments in Complex Systems

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ•ต ๋ฐ˜์‘์—์„œ ์ตœ์ข… ์ƒํƒœ ์ž…์ž์˜ ๋‹ค์ค‘์„ฑ ๋ถ„ํฌ์™€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์  ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ„์ƒ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ž…์ž ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ๋‹ค์ค‘์„ฑ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. 1. ํ•ต ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์  ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ํ•ต ๋ฐ˜์‘์—์„œ ์ตœ์ข… ์ƒํƒœ ์ž…์ž์˜ ๋‹ค์ค‘์„ฑ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฃผ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๊ทœํ™”๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์  ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค์  ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์€ ํŠน์ • ์œ„์ƒ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์˜์—ญ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ธก์ •๋œ ์ž…์ž ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค

Quantitative Finance System
Unsteady Hydromagnetic Flow of Viscoelastic Fluid down an Open Inclined   Channel

Unsteady Hydromagnetic Flow of Viscoelastic Fluid down an Open Inclined Channel

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ ์ฑ„๋„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์›”ํ„ฐ ์œ ์ฒด์˜ ๋น„์ •์ƒ ์ˆ˜๋ ฅํ•™์  ํ๋ฆ„์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ท ์ผํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ง ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์ด ์ด ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์›”ํ„ฐ ์œ ์ฒด๋Š” ๋น„๋‰ดํ„ด ์œ ์ฒด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ, ๊ณ ์ „์ ์ธ ์‘๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์„ฑํ˜•, ์„ฌ์œ  ์ œ์กฐ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์›”ํ„ฐ ์œ ์ฒด์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ผํ”Œ๋ผ์Šค ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ณผ ์œ ํ•œ ํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ฌ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์†๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜

Physics Computational Engineering Computer Science
Vesto Slipher and the First Galaxy Redshifts

Vesto Slipher and the First Galaxy Redshifts

: ๋ฒ ์Šคํ†  ์Šฌ๋ฆฌํผ๋Š” 20์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ดˆ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ธ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ธ๋ฌผ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์€ํ•˜ ์ ์ƒ‰ํŽธ์ด ์ธก์ •์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ก ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์Šฌ๋ฆฌํผ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋ถ„๊ด‘๊ธฐ ๊ฐœ์„  ์Šฌ๋ฆฌํผ๋Š” 1901๋…„ ์ธ๋””์• ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™ ํ•™์‚ฌ ํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ์ทจ๋“ํ•œ ํ›„, ๋กœowell ์ฒœ๋ฌธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด์งํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ถ„๊ด‘๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋งก์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜์„  ์„ฑ์šด์˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ์ดํ•ด์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋ถ„๊ด‘๊ธฐ๋Š” 1๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ง๋ ฌ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„์˜€๋‹ค. ์Šฌ๋ฆฌํผ

Physics Astrophysics
A Frequent Closed Itemsets Lattice-based Approach for Mining Minimal   Non-Redundant Association Rules

A Frequent Closed Itemsets Lattice-based Approach for Mining Minimal Non-Redundant Association Rules

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ˜‘์—… ๊ทœ์น™ ์ถ”์ถœ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ๊ณ„, ์ฆ‰ ๋นˆ๋„ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ(Frequent Itemsets)์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๊ณผ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ํ˜‘์—… ๊ทœ์น™ ์ƒ์„ฑ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ ๋น„์ค‘๋ณต ์—ฐ๊ด€ ๊ทœ์น™(MNAR) ์ถ”์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ํ˜‘์—… ๊ทœ์น™ ์ถ”์ถœ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ํ˜‘์—… ๊ทœ์น™ ์ถ”์ถœ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๋นˆ๋„ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ(FI) ๋˜๋Š” ๋นˆ๋„ ๋‹ซํžŒ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ(FCI)์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ˜‘์—… ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ƒ

Databases Computer Science
Brief comment: Dicke Superradiance and Superfluorescence Find   Application for Remote Sensing in Air

Brief comment: Dicke Superradiance and Superfluorescence Find Application for Remote Sensing in Air

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋”•์ผ€ ์ดˆ๊ณผ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ(SR)์™€ ์ดˆ๊ณผ๋ฐœ๊ด‘(SF), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฆ๊ฐ• ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ(ASE)์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋“ค ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ์›๊ฒฉ ๊ฐ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ Dogariu ์™ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง„์˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด SR๊ณผ SF๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ๋”•์ผ€ ์ดˆ๊ณผ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ(SR)์™€ ์ดˆ๊ณผ๋ฐœ๊ด‘(SF) ๋”•์ผ€๋Š” 1954๋…„์— ๊ฐ€์Šค ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์›์ž ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋œ ํฅ๋ถ„ 2๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ๋ ˆ์ด์ € ๊ณต๋ช… ์—†์ด ํ˜‘๋™ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ๋ณด๋‹ˆํ”ผ

Physics
Multidimensional Simulations of Thermonuclear Supernovae from the First   Stars

Multidimensional Simulations of Thermonuclear Supernovae from the First Stars

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ณ„๋“ค์ธ Pop III ๋ณ„๋“ค์˜ ์Œ์„ฑํญ๋ฐœ(PSN) ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋‹ค์ฐจ์› ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ 1์ฐจ์› ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜, 2์ฐจ์› ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ณ„๋“ค์˜ ์ง„ํ™”์™€ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ Pop III ๋ณ„์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ณ„๋กœ, ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ์š” ์›์†Œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ›„๋Œ€ ๋ณ„๊ณผ ์€ํ•˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” Pop III ๋ณ„์ด 100 1000 MโŠ™์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•ฝ 20%๊ฐ€

Astrophysics
Total coloring of pseudo-outerplanar graphs

Total coloring of pseudo-outerplanar graphs

: 1. ์ด ์ƒ‰์น  ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๊ทธ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ ์ด ์ƒ‰์น  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ์ด๋ก ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ์ •์ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ„์„ ์— ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์„ ํ• ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ด ์ƒ‰์น  ์ถ”์ธก์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ฐจ์ˆ˜ ฮ”(G)์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ, ์ด ์ถ”์ธก์ด ์ฆ๋ช…๋˜๋ฉด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ํด๋ž˜์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด ์ƒ‰์ƒ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ์œ„์ƒ์  ์™ธํŒ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์˜ ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ ์œ„์ƒ์  ์™ธํŒ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋ธ”๋ก์ด ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ์› ์œ„์—์„œ ์ •์ ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ„์„ ๋“ค์ด ์›์˜ ๋””์Šคํฌ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ต์ฐจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜

Mathematics Computer Science Discrete Mathematics
Comparison Of The Consumption Of Resources Between HTTP And SIP

Comparison Of The Consumption Of Resources Between HTTP And SIP

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ HTTP์™€ SIP ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์˜ ์ž์› ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. VoIP ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜, Asterisk๋ผ๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์ด ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ €๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต์‹  ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก  ์‹คํ—˜์€ Dell Optiplex GX 110 ์„œ๋ฒ„์™€ ํด๋ผ์ด์–ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์šด์˜์ฒด์ œ๋Š” Debian GNU/Linux๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์›น ์„œ๋ฒ„๋กœ Apache๋ฅผ, VoIP ์„œ๋ฒ„๋กœ Asterisk๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด TOP

Networking Computer Science
A Well-Behaved Alternative to the Modularity Index

A Well-Behaved Alternative to the Modularity Index

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ง ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“ˆ๋Ÿฌํ‹ฐ ์ง€์ˆ˜ Q์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ณ„์™€ Borgatti์˜ ฮท ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ถ„ํ•  ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. 1. ๋ชจ๋“ˆ๋Ÿฌํ‹ฐ ์ง€์ˆ˜ Q์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  Q๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์—์„œ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ง ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, Q๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ฐ„์„ ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ฐ„์„ ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ง์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์—์„œ ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ฐ„์„ ์ด ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋˜๋”๋ผ๋„ Q ๊ฐ’์€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด

Social Networks Physics Computer Science
Hyperdeterminant and an integrable partial differential equation

Hyperdeterminant and an integrable partial differential equation

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ•˜์ดํผ๊ฒฐ์ •์‹๊ณผ ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ํŽธ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฐฐํ„ด ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ํŽธ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ์‘์šฉ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ํ•˜์ดํผ๊ฒฐ์ •์‹๊ณผ ๋ฐฐํ„ด ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ ๋ฐฐํ„ด ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์€ ๋ ˆ๊ทธ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ ํ˜•ํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํŒŒ์ธ๋ ˆ๋ฒ  ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์˜ ์ ๋ถ„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐํ„ด ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ํ˜„์ƒ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ํŽธ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์˜ ํ•ด์„์— ์žˆ์–ด ํ•ต

Nonlinear Sciences
No Image

Representing a profinite group as the homeomorphism group of a continuum

: ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ”„๋กœํ•€ํŠธ ๊ตฐ(profinite group)์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ์ด๋ก ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”„๋กœํ•€ํŠธ ๊ตฐ์„ ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™ˆ์˜ค๋ชจ๋ฅดํ”ผ์ฆ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน(homeomorphism group)์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. 1. ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™” ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ”„๋กœํ•€ํŠธ ๊ตฐ์ด ์ปดํŒฉํŠธํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™ˆ์˜ค๋ชจ๋ฅดํ”ผ์ฆ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ๋™ํ˜•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(

Mathematics
On the Intersection of All Critical Sets of a Unicyclic Graph

On the Intersection of All Critical Sets of a Unicyclic Graph

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์œ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์  ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„, ์ฆ‰ ๋‹จ์ผ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์—์„œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ(core), ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜(corona), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ker(G) ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊นŠ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๊ณผ ๋งค์นญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ฑ์งˆ์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ์ด๋ก ์—์„œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ํ•ต์‹ฌ(core)๊ณผ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜(corona)์˜ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๋“ค์˜ ๊ต์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ด๊ณ , ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๋“ค์˜ ํ•ฉ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ker(G)๋Š” G์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๋“ค์˜ ๊ต์ง‘ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ •

Mathematics Computer Science Discrete Mathematics
On the Testing of Seismicity Models

On the Testing of Seismicity Models

: ์ง€์ง„ ์œ„ํ—˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ํ”ผํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ง€๋„ ์ œ์ž‘์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง€๋„ ์ƒ์„ฑ์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ์ง€์ง„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ, ์ €๊ฐ•๋„ ์ง€์ง„ ํ™œ๋™, ๊ตฌํ…๋ฒ ๋ฅดํฌ ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜ ๋ฒ•์น™ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋“ค ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ง€์ง„ ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ง€์งˆ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ตญ(USGS)์˜ ํ˜‘๋™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ธ CSEP(Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability)๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ RELM(Re

Model Physics
Self-Organizing Mixture Networks for Representation of Grayscale Digital   Images

Self-Organizing Mixture Networks for Representation of Grayscale Digital Images

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด ์Šค์ผ€์ผ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ฝ”ํ˜ธ๋„จ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ (Self Organizing Map, SOM)๊ณผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”ํ˜ธ๋„จ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ (Self Organizing Mixture Network, SOMN)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. 1. ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด ์Šค์ผ€์ผ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด ์Šค์ผ€์ผ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š” ํ”ฝ์…€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋กœ ์ •์˜๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ํ”ฝ์…€์€ ๋ฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฐ’๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ 0์—์„œ 255 ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ •์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋””ํฌ๋ ˆํ‹ฐํ™”๋˜์–ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋ฉ”

Artificial Intelligence Network Computer Science
The complexity of tangent words

The complexity of tangent words

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋งค๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ณก์„ ๊ณผ ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘์„  ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์  ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค: 1. ๋งค๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ์ •์˜์™€ ํŠน์„ฑ : ๋งค๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ณก์„ ์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ง์„  ์œ„์˜ ์ปดํŒฉํŠธ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ I์—์„œ ์ •์˜๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๋“  t โˆˆ I ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ||ฮณโ€ฒ(t)|| > 0 ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์„ฑ์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณก์„ ์€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŒํผ ์žฌ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ t ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ||ฮณโ€ฒ(t)|| 1 ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งค๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ๊ทผ์‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๋ฉด์— ๊ฒฉ์ž๋ง์„ ๊ทธ๋ ค์„œ ๊ณก์„ ์ด ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜•์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ ˆ๋‹จ ์ˆœ์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ, ํ•˜, ์ขŒ, ์šฐ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ

Formal Languages Computational Geometry Computer Science Discrete Mathematics
Biologically Inspired Process Calculi, Petri Nets and Membrane Computing

Biologically Inspired Process Calculi, Petri Nets and Membrane Computing

: ์ด ์ฑ…์€ ๋ง‰ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ปดํ“จํŒ…(Membrane Computing) ๋ฐ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ๊ณ„์‚ฐ(Biologically Inspired Process Calculus) ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์•„๋†“์€ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ํŽ˜ํŠธ๋ฆฌ ๋„คํŠธ(Petri Net)๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด ์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์ œ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง‰ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ปดํ“จํŒ…์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ, ํŠนํžˆ ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ณผ ์ •๋ณด ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ์ž๋™ํ™”, ํ˜•

Formal Languages Distributed Computing Computer Science
Modelling of Genetic Regulatory Mechanisms with GReg

Modelling of Genetic Regulatory Mechanisms with GReg

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์œ ์ „์  ์กฐ์ ˆ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ธฐ์กด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋„๊ตฌ์™€ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ฒดํฌ(model checking) ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์ ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, GReg์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ ํŠน์ • ์–ธ์–ด(DSL)๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ํ˜•์‹ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋น„์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ฒดํฌ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. 1. DSL์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์กฐ๊ฑด ํ•˜์—๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ทธ์น˜๋ฉฐ, ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ฒดํฌ๋Š”

Computational Engineering Model Logic Computer Science
No Image

Multiscale Modelling: A Mobile Membrane Approach

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๊ณผ์ • ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๊ตฌํ˜„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ด๋™์„ฑ ๋ง‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ์ž์—ฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์  ๊ทœ๋ชจ์—์„œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณต์žก ์ž๋™๋ฌธ(CxA)์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ์ด๋™์„ฑ ๋ง‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ ์ด๋™์„ฑ ๋ง‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์›€

Formal Languages Quantitative Biology Model Computer Science Emerging Technologies
Petri Nets and Bio-Modelling - and how to benefit from their synergy

Petri Nets and Bio-Modelling - and how to benefit from their synergy

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํŽ˜ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋„ท๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์ ์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŽ˜ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋„ท์€ ๋™์‹œ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ, ํ–‰๋™ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋ง‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ถ”์ƒํ™”ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŽ˜ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋„ท์˜ ์›์ธ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์„ฑ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋Š” ํŽ˜ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋„ท์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฐ˜์‘์—์„œ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํŽ˜ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋„ท๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ์žฌ๊ตฌ

Formal Languages Distributed Computing Model Computer Science
Reversibility in Massive Concurrent Systems

Reversibility in Massive Concurrent Systems

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์—ญ์ „ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์ ์šฉ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ญ์ „ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ์ž…๋ ฅ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ, ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์—†์ด๋„ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋˜์–ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์‹ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์—ญ์ „ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ ์ œ์•ฝ ์กฐ๊ฑด ํ•˜์—์„œ ๋‹ค์ค‘์„ฑ์ด ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋œ ์—ญ์ „ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ

Formal Languages Distributed Computing Computer Science System
Advanced phase retrieval: maximum likelihood technique with sparse   regularization of phase and amplitude

Advanced phase retrieval: maximum likelihood technique with sparse regularization of phase and amplitude

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์œ„์ƒ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณต์› ์ •ํ™•๋„์™€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์••์ถ• ๊ฐ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋ณ€๋ถ„์  ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์œ„์ƒ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์œ„์ƒ ํšŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋น›์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๊ด€์ธก ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ๊ฐ์ฒด ํŒŒ๋™์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ „ ์ง€์‹์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ„์ƒ์„ ๋ณต์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ, ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์„ผ์„œ๋Š” ๋น›์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๋งŒ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋ฏ€

Computer Science Computer Vision
Adversary lower bounds in the Hamiltonian oracle model

Adversary lower bounds in the Hamiltonian oracle model

Catchy Title KO: ํ•˜๋ฏธํ„ด ์˜ค๋ผํด ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ์ ๋Œ€์ž ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์–‘์ž ์ฟผ๋ฆฌ ๋ณต์žก๋„ ๋ถ„์„ Abstract KO: ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์–‘์ž ์ฟผ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์˜ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ ๋Œ€์ž ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฏธํ„ด ์˜ค๋ผํด ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์—ฐ์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–‘์ž ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ์ฟผ๋ฆฌ ๋ณต์žก๋„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ด์‚ฐ ์ฟผ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์ˆ˜ ์ฟผ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ ๋Œ€์ž ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฐ์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฏธํ„ด ์˜ค๋ผํด์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ๋‹ค. Deep Ana

Model Computational Complexity Quantum Physics Computer Science

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