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Real-time face swapping as a tool for understanding infant self-recognition

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์‹ ์ƒ์•„์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ์ธ์‹ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜, ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•„๊ธฐ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ์ธ์‹์ด ์›€์ง์ž„์˜ ์—ฐ์†์„ฑ๊ณผ ์–ผ๊ตด ์นœ์ˆ™์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์ž๊ธฐ์ธ์‹ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ์ด๋ก  ์‹ ์ƒ์•„๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ž๊ทน ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„๊ธฐ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ 5๊ฐœ์›”์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์•ผ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค(Sanefuji et al., 2006). ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ์ธ์‹์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์›€์ง์ž„๊ณผ ์–ผ๊ตด ์นœ์ˆ™์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์•„๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ 

Computer Vision Computer Science Artificial Intelligence
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Photometry of Some Recent Gamma-ray Bursts

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ฐ๋งˆ์„  ํญ๋ฐœ(Gamma Ray Burst, GRB)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด‘ํ•™ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” Konkoly ์ฒœ๋ฌธ๋Œ€์˜ HEART ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž๋™ P60 ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ๊ณผ Swift ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ(UVOT, XRT, BAT)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ๊ทผ GRB์˜ ๊ด‘ํ•™, ์ž์™ธ์„  ๋ฐ ๊ฐ๋งˆ์„  ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ๊ณ  ์ž˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ ํญ๋ฐœ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ถ„์„ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1. ๊ด‘ํ•™ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ฐ์ถ• NASA์˜ HEASOFT ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ UVOT ๊ด‘ํ•™ ์ธก์ •์„

Astrophysics
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A 3D Multiscale Modelling of Cortical Bone Structure, Using the Inverse Identification Method: Microfibril Scale Study

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์••์ถ•์„ฑ ๋ผˆ์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์„ฌ์œ (microfibril) ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ณจ์งˆ(cortical bone) ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฝœ๋ผ๊ฒ ์„ฌ์œ ์™€ ๊ทธ์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ํŠธ๋กœํฌ์ฝœ๋ผ๊ฒ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐฐ์—ด ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ๋„ค๋ž„ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์••์ถ•์„ฑ ๋ผˆ์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ผˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์„ฌ์œ ์˜ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์ž ๋ฐฐ

Model Physics
Electron beam-plasma interaction in a dusty plasma with excess   suprathermal electrons

Electron beam-plasma interaction in a dusty plasma with excess suprathermal electrons

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ „์ž ๋น”๊ณผ ๋จผ์ง€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๋‚ด ๊ณผ์—ด ์ „์ž์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „์ž ์Œํ–ฅ ์†”๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. 1. ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค: ์ฐจ๊ฐ€์šด ์ธะตั€ั‚ial ๋“œ๋ฆฌํ”„ํŒ… ์ „์ž (๋น”) : ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋น” ์ „์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ, ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๊ฐ€์šด ์ธะตั€ั‚ial ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์ „์ž : ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€

Physics Astrophysics
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Dominance in the Monty Hall Problem

๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ํ•œ๊ธ€ ์ œ๋ชฉ: ๋ชฌํ‹ฐ ํ™€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์—์„œ ์ „๋žต์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ตœ์ ์„ฑ ์ดˆ๋ก ์ „์ฒด ๋ฒˆ์—ญ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ฆฌ: ๋ชฌํ‹ฐ ํ™€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๊ณ , ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์€ ํ—ˆ์šธ๋ฟ์ธ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์ „์ ์ธ ํ™•๋ฅ  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ, ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง„ํ–‰์ž๋Š” ์„ ํƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฌธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์—ด์–ด ์ƒ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ์ดํ›„ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด์—๊ฒŒ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ณ ์ˆ˜ํ• ์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ• ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์„ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ „ํ™˜ ์ „๋žต์˜ ์ตœ์ ์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฒ ์ด์ฆˆ์•ˆ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์ „๋žต์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ๋„ ๋ถ„์„

Computer Science Mathematics Game Theory
Awareness and Self-Awareness for Multi-Robot Organisms

Awareness and Self-Awareness for Multi-Robot Organisms

: ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ์ž๊ธฐ์ธ์‹์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ด๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ฒด์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋Šฅํ˜• ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์— ์žˆ์–ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ž์œจ์  ์ ์‘๊ณผ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜๋ณต ๋“ฑ '์ž๊ธฐ ' ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘”๋‹ค. 1. ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ์ž๊ธฐ์ธ์‹์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ์ธ์‹์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž๊ธฐ์ธ์‹์€ ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์„ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์กด์žฌ์™€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ ์‘๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ

Robotics Computer Science
Generalizations of Holders and some related integral inequalities on   fractal space

Generalizations of Holders and some related integral inequalities on fractal space

: ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ด๋ก  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ํ˜ธ๋”(Hรถlder) ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ถ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฏธ์ ๋ถ„ํ•™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ธ๋” ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์€ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ ๋‚ด์ ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‘์šฉ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1. ํ˜ธ๋” ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™” ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํ˜ธ๋” ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ๋ณต์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ถ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฏธ์ ๋ถ„ํ•™์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, pโ‚๊ณผ pโ‚‚๊ฐ€ ์–‘์ˆ˜์ผ ๋•Œ์™€ 0 < pโ‚ < 1์ด๊ณ  pโ‚‚ < 0์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค.

Mathematics
RXTE-ASM light curves of Cen X-3

RXTE-ASM light curves of Cen X-3

Catchy Title KO: Cen X 3์˜ ๊ด‘๋„๊ณก์„  ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜: ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์กฐ Abstract KO: ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2005๋…„์— ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ Cen X 3์˜ RXTE ASM ๊ด‘๋„๊ณก์„ ๊ณผ HEASARC ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ์ตœ์‹  ๊ด‘๋„๊ณก์„  ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๋Š” Mรผller ๋“ฑ (2011)์ด RXTE ASM, MAXI, INTEGRAL ๋ฐ SWIFT ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ €์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์„ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ 2005๋…„์— ์ œ๊ณต๋œ ASM ๊ด‘๋„๊ณก์„ ์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. Deep An

Astrophysics
Dinamics of HPV Infection among Women with Cervical Lesions

Dinamics of HPV Infection among Women with Cervical Lesions

: ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์œ ๋‘์ข… ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค(HPV)์˜ ์—ญํ•™์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ํŠนํžˆ ์ž๊ถ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—์„œ์˜ HPV ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 293๋ช…์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ž๊ถ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ ์–‘์„ฑ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋Š” 88๋ช…(30.0%), CIN(Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia)์€ 101๋ช…(34.3%), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž๊ถ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€์•”์€ 104๋ช…(35.6%)์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. HPV ๊ฐ์—ผ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํŠน์ง• ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ฅ  : ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ, ์ž๊ถ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ ์–‘์„ฑ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์˜ 61.3%, CIN ํ™˜

Quantitative Biology
Gamma-ray properties of globular clusters and the 'fundamental planes'

Gamma-ray properties of globular clusters and the 'fundamental planes'

์„œ๋ก ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ฐ๋งˆ์„  ์„ฑ์šด์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ตฌ์ƒ์„ฑ๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ณ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ด‘์ž์™€ MSP ์ธ๊ตฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ผ๋””์˜คํŒŒ์™€ X์„  ๊ด€์ธก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•ฝ 140๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ์ดˆํŒŒ ํŽ„์‚ฌ(MSP)๊ฐ€ 26๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ƒ์„ฑ๋‹จ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ X์„  ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ธก์— ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. MSP๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ƒ์„ฑ๋‹จ ๋‚ด ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฐ๋งˆ์„  ์›์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์˜์—ญ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ(LAT)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 8๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ƒ์„ฑ๋‹จ์—์„œ ๊ฐ๋งˆ์„  ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์„ ๊ด€์ธกํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๋งˆ์„  ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐ๋งˆ์„ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ธฐ์›์€

Astrophysics
Two methods for the light curves extrema determination

Two methods for the light curves extrema determination

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ณ€๊ด‘์„ฑ ๋ณ„์˜ ๋น› ๊ณก์„ ์—์„œ ๊ทน๋Œ€๊ฐ’๊ณผ ๊ทน์†Œ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฒœ์ฒด๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ๋ณ€๊ด‘์„ฑ ๋ณ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋น„์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€๊ด‘ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋น› ๊ณก์„ ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ฒœ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทน๊ฐ’ ๊ฒฐ์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์„ ํ˜• ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ทน๋Œ€๊ฐ’ ๊ฒฐ์ • ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์„ ํ˜• ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทน๋Œ€ ๋ฐ ๊ทน์†Œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด€์ธก๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ Y์™€ t๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ธก์ • ๊ฐ’์— ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜ w

Physics Astrophysics
A Formal Approach for Agent Based Large Concurrent Intelligent Systems

A Formal Approach for Agent Based Large Concurrent Intelligent Systems

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ณต์žก ์ง€๋Šฅํ˜• ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ค๊ณ„์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—์„œ ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ์˜ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ํŠน์ง•์œผ๋กœ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์€ ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ํ•˜์œ„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด

System Computer Science Software Engineering
High-Energy Gamma-ray Emission Properties of an Anomalous X-ray Pulsar,   4U 0142+61

High-Energy Gamma-ray Emission Properties of an Anomalous X-ray Pulsar, 4U 0142+61

์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” Fermi/LAT ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 4U 0142+61์˜ ๊ณ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ฐ๋งˆ์„  ๋ฐฉ์ถœ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. AXP๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋†’์€ ๊ด‘๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” X ๋ ˆ์ด ์›์œผ๋กœ, ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์›๋ฐ˜์ด๋‚˜ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ ๋ถ•๊ดด ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 4U 0142+61์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ณ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ฐ๋งˆ์„  ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€์€ Fermi/LAT ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 4U 0142+61์˜ ํŽ„์Šค ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ RXTE/PCA ๊ด€์ธก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์Šคํ•€ ์—ํŽ˜๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ฐ๋งˆ์„  ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์„ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰

Astrophysics
New Zealand pathway towards Asia-Pacific and global e-VLBI research and   development

New Zealand pathway towards Asia-Pacific and global e-VLBI research and development

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ „ํ™˜์ ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์˜คํด๋žœ๋“œ ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™(AUT)์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, 2005๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ AUT์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์€ ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ VLBI ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์— ํ•ฉ๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์•„์‹œ์•„ ํƒœํ‰์–‘ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๋žตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ 1948๋…„ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ CSIRO์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์šธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฐ„์„ญ๊ณ„ ์„ค์น˜ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์€ ๋ผ๋””์˜คํŒŒ ์›์ฒœ์˜ ์œ„์น˜

Physics Astrophysics
GeV Gamma-ray Emission from the Binary PSR B1259-63/SS2883 During the   2010 Periastron Passage

GeV Gamma-ray Emission from the Binary PSR B1259-63/SS2883 During the 2010 Periastron Passage

PSR B1259 63/SS2883์€ ๊ณ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ, ํŽ„์Šค ๋ณ„๊ณผ Be ๋ณ„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ TeV ๊ฐ๋งˆ์„  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์—์„œ๋„ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ 2010๋…„ ๊ทผ์ผ์  ํ†ต๊ณผ ์‹œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€์ „์ž๋ณผํŠธ(GeV) ๊ฐ๋งˆ์„  ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ํŽ˜๋ฅด๋ฏธ LAT ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ด€์ธกํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋ฅด๋ฏธ LAT ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” 2008๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2011๋…„๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ค‘ ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทผ์ผ์  ํ†ต๊ณผ ํ›„ ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ TS ๊ฐ’์ด 5 (2ฯƒ ์ˆ˜์ค€)๋กœ ์•”์‹œ์  ํ”์ ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ๋‘ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ๋งˆ์„  ์‹ ํ˜ธ

Astrophysics
Using H-alpha as a Tracer of the Emission Region of LS I +61 303

Using H-alpha as a Tracer of the Emission Region of LS I +61 303

1. ์„œ๋ก  LS I +61 303์€ ๊ณ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ X์„  ์Œ์„ฑ๊ณ„(HMXB)๋กœ, B0Veํ˜• ๊ด‘ํ•™ ์„ฑ๊ฐ„์„ฑ๊ณผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ปดํŒฉํŠธํ•œ ๋™๋ฐ˜์ž๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋†’์€ ํŽธ์‹ฌ ๊ถค๋„๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ก ์  ํŽ„์‚ฌ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋ฒ  ๋ณ„ ์›๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ „์ž๊ธฐํŒŒ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— LS I +61 303์€ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ๊ด€์ธก 2008๋…„ 10์›”๊ณผ 11์›”์— KPNO Coudรฉ ํ”ผ๋“œ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์—์„œ Hฮฑ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ์—ฐ์†์œผ๋กœ ํš๋“ํ•˜์—ฌ, ํ•œ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๊ถค๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์˜ ์ง„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด€์ธก ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Astrophysics
On a property of the $n$-dimensional cube

On a property of the $n$-dimensional cube

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ณ ์ฐจ์› ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ์ด๋ก ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ n์ฐจ์› ํ๋ธŒ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, n โ‰ฅ 4์ผ ๋•Œ, |V'| โ‰ฅ 2^(n 1) + 1์ธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ V'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํด๋ผ์šฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์ˆœํ™˜์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ ๋“ค์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ •์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ์ด๋ก ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…๋“ค์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , n์ฐจ์› ํ๋ธŒ Qn๊ณผ ํด๋ผ์šฐ(K1,3)์˜ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, n์ฐจ์› ํ๋ธŒ๋Š” ๊ฐ ์ฐจ์›๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •์  ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋Š” ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ •์ ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์™„์ „ ์ด๋ถ„ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ K1,3์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ

Mathematics Computer Science Discrete Mathematics
Fourier Cosine and Sine Transform on fractal space

Fourier Cosine and Sine Transform on fractal space

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์–‘ ํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์‘์šฉ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ”„๋ž™ํƒˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ์˜ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ํ•ด์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํ•œ ์—ฐ์† ํ”„๋ž™ํƒˆ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ๋ฏธ์ ๋ถ„ํ•™์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์–‘ ํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฝ”์‚ฌ์ธ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๋“ค์€ ๊ณตํ•™ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์—์„œ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ํ”„๋ž™ํƒˆ ์ฐจ์› ฮฑ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ„์„์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์–‘ ํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ณ€ํ™˜์˜ ์ •์˜์™€ ์„ฑ์งˆ ์–‘ ํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ณ€ํ™˜์€ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ๋ฏธ์ ๋ถ„ํ•™์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ”„๋ž™ํƒˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ์˜ ์—ฐ์† ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ

Mathematics
Marching of Freely Falling Plates

Marching of Freely Falling Plates

'์ž์œ  ๋‚™ํ•˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํŒ์˜ ํ–‰์ง„: ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ถ„์„'์€ ์œ ์ฒด ์—ญํ•™๊ณผ ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ๋™์—ญํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ ์ž์œ  ๋‚™ํ•˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํŒ์˜ ์šด๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด ํ•˜์—์„œ ํŒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์œ ์ฒด์™€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ํŒ์˜ ๊ถค์ ๊ณผ ์šด๋™ ์ž์œ  ๋‚™ํ•˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํŒ์˜ ๊ถค์ ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋ ˆ์ด๋†€์ฆˆ ์ˆ˜์น˜(Reynolds number)์™€ ํ”„๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์ˆ˜(Froude number)์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜์กดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋†’์€ ๋ ˆ์ด๋†€์ฆˆ ์ˆ˜์—์„œ ์†Œํ˜• ํ”„๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํŒ์€ ์ง„

Physics
A conjecture on independent sets and graph covers

A conjecture on independent sets and graph covers

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ฐœ๋…์ธ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๊ณผ ์ปค๋ฒ„๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ M ์ปค๋ฒ„์™€ ๋ฒ ํ…Œ ๊ทผ์‚ฌ(Bethe approximation) ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„ํ•  ํ•จ์ˆ˜(partition function)์™€ ์ž์œ  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€(free energy)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. 1. ๋‹ค๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋‹คํ•ญ์‹๊ณผ M ์ปค๋ฒ„ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ G์˜ ๋‹ค๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋‹คํ•ญ์‹์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋…๋ฆฝ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‹คํ•ญ์‹์€ G์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…๋ฆฝ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ I์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด x^{|I|

Mathematics Computer Science Discrete Mathematics
Performance Measurement of the Heterogeneous Network

Performance Measurement of the Heterogeneous Network

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ M/M/2 ํ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ง€์—ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„œ๋ฒ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ์„œ๋ฒ„๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ž‘์—… ์Šค์ผ€์ค„๋ง ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ FCFS(First Come First Served)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. M/M/2 ํ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ M/M/2 ํ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ง€์—ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ, ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํŠน์ง• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„œ๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž‘์—… ์Šค์ผ€์ค„๋ง ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ FCFS๋กœ, ์ž‘์—…์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ•œ ์ˆœ์„œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ์ƒํƒœ

Networking Network Computer Science
X-ray view on a Class using Conceptual Analysis in Java Environment

X-ray view on a Class using Conceptual Analysis in Java Environment

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ถ„์„(Conceptual Analysis, CA)์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์žฌ๊ณตํ•™์—์„œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“ˆํ™”์™€ ํด๋ž˜์Šค ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ž๋ฐ” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ฝ”๋“œ์˜ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ X Ray ๋ทฐ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ถ„์„์€ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต ์†์„ฑ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ '๊ฐœ๋…'์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ํŠน์ • ์†์„ฑ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” X Ray ๋ทฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ

Analysis Software Engineering Computer Science
A Variant of Azumas Inequality for Martingales with Subgaussian Tails

A Variant of Azumas Inequality for Martingales with Subgaussian Tails

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ Azuma ๋ถ€๋“ฑ์‹์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊นŠ์ด ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด Azuma ๋ถ€๋“ฑ์‹์€ ํ™•๋ฅ ์  ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋งˆ๋ฅดํŒ…์•Œ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ ด์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ๋ถ€๋“ฑ์‹์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ๊ฐ„ t์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด |Zt|๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ˆ˜ b ์ด๋‚ด๋กœ ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์—์„œ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ๋งˆ๋ฅดํŒ…์•Œ์˜ ๊ฐ ํ•ญ์ด ๊ณ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋กœ ํฐ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋”๋ผ๋„ Azuma ๋ถ€๋“ฑ์‹์„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, '๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”' ๋งˆ๋ฅดํŒ…์•Œ์—

Mathematics Machine Learning Computer Science
Maximizing the Cohesion is NP-hard

Maximizing the Cohesion is NP-hard

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” '๊ฒฐ์†์„ฑ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ฒฐ์†์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ NP ํ•˜๋“œ์ž„์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ , ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1. ๊ฒฐ์†์„ฑ ์ง€ํ‘œ์˜ ๋„์ž… ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜์  ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ฒฐ์†์„ฑ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์ผ์ฒด๊ฐ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ, ์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ๋†’์€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง์„ ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด

Networking Computational Complexity Computer Science
The quadratic WDVV solution $E_8(a_1)$

The quadratic WDVV solution $E_8(a_1)$

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ณ ์ฐจ์› ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์™€ ํ”„๋กœ๋ฒค๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค ๋งŒ๋Œ(Frobenius Manifold) ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊นŠ์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, Eโ‚ˆ(aโ‚)๋ผ๋Š” ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” Witten Dijkgraaf Verlinde Verlinde (WDVV) ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํŽธ๋ฏธ๋ถ„ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ๋ฒค๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค ๋งŒ๋Œ์€ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๊ฐ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ Eโ‚ˆ ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ž ์žฌ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„

MATH-PH Mathematics Nonlinear Sciences
No Image

Partition function of 1-, 2-, and 3-D monatomic ideal gas: A simple and comprehensive review

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์›์ž ๊ธฐ์ฒด์˜ ๋ถ„ํ•  ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ 1์ฐจ์›, 2์ฐจ์›, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  3์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฐจ์›์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ๊ณผ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ „์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋งฅ์Šค์›ฐ ๋ณผ์ธ ๋งŒ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž…์ž์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ์ˆ˜์™€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„ํ•  ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. 1. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ฮ“ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๊ณผ ๋งฅ์Šค์›ฐ ๋ณผ์ธ ๋งŒ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์œ„์—์„œ, ์›์ž ๊ธฐ์ฒด์˜ ๋ถ„ํ•  ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ถ„ํ• 

Condensed Matter Physics
No Image

Properties of proper rational numbers

Catchy Title KO: ์œ ๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ณฑ์…ˆ: ์ง„๋ถ„์ˆ˜์™€ ์ •์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ํƒ๊ตฌ Abstract KO: ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •์ˆ˜์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜, ํŠนํžˆ ์ง„๋ถ„์ˆ˜์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ณฑ์…ˆ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ถ„๋ฒ•์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์œ ๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ, ์ง„๋ถ„์ˆ˜์˜ ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ง„๋ถ„์ˆ˜์™€ ์ •์ˆ˜์˜ ํ•ฉ๊ณผ ๊ณฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋‘ ์ง„๋ถ„์ˆ˜์˜ ํ•ฉ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณฑ์ด ์ •์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๋‘ ์œ ๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ•ฉ๊ณผ ๊ณฑ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ •์ˆ˜์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ ๋‘ ์œ ๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ •์ˆ˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

Mathematics
SPM Bulletin 32

SPM Bulletin 32

[Catchy Title KO]: ์นœ๊ตฌ Ljubiลกa Koฤinac์˜ ์ƒ์ผ์„ ๊ธฐ๋…ํ•˜๋Š” ํ† ํฌ๋กœ์ง€ ์›Œํฌ์ˆ [Abstract KO]: ์ด ๋ฌธ์„œ๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ์ธ Ljubiลกa Koฤinac ์”จ์˜ 65์„ธ ์ƒ์ผ์„ ๊ธฐ๋…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์ง๋œ IV ์›Œํฌ์ˆ: ํ† ํฌํ•™์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฎ๊ฐœ, ์„ ํƒ ๋ฐ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•ˆ๋‚ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์›Œํฌ์ˆ์€ ์„ธ์ฝ˜๋‹ค ์œ ๋‹ˆ๋ฒ ๋ฅด์‹œํƒ€ ๋”” ๋‚˜ํด๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜ํ•™๋ถ€์—์„œ 3์›” 2์ผ(๊ธˆ)์— ๊ฐœ์ตœ๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋Š” ์•ฝ 30๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ์ง„ํ–‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์žฌ์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์› ๋ฐ ๋“ฑ๋ก๋น„ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์•„์ง ํ™•์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ๋„ ๋ถ„์„ (Deep Analysis KO): ์ด

Mathematics
An Approach for Message Hiding using Substitution Techniques and Audio   Hiding in Steganography

An Approach for Message Hiding using Substitution Techniques and Audio Hiding in Steganography

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์Šคํ…Œ๊ฐ€๋…ธ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ์€๋‹‰ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ 24๋น„ํŠธ BMP ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ํŒŒ์ผ์— ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋””์˜ค ๊ฐ™์€ ๋น„๋ฐ€ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ •๋ณด ๋ณด์•ˆ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ•˜์œ„ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ, ์Šคํ…Œ๊ฐ€๋…ธ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ผ์™€ ์›Œํ„ฐ๋งˆํ‚น์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์•”ํ˜ธํ™” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—์„œ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„, ์ „์†ก๋œ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋„์ฒญ์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆจ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ, ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์— ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šคํ…Œ๊ฐ€๋…ธ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ผ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•: ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์Šคํ…Œ๊ฐ€๋…ธ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ผ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€

Computer Science Cryptography and Security
An easily verifiable proof of the Brouwer fixed point theorem

An easily verifiable proof of the Brouwer fixed point theorem

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ์–ด ๊ณ ์ •์  ์ •๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ •๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ฆ๋ช…์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์•„๋ž˜ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ฆ๋ช… ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์ฆ๋ช… ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ์–ด ๊ณ ์ •์  ์ •๋ฆฌ์™€ Sperner ์ •๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. Sperner ์ •๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์Šค๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ์–ด ๊ณ ์ •์  ์ •๋ฆฌ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‘ ์ •๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฆ๋ช… ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„

Mathematics
mizar-items: Exploring fine-grained dependencies in the Mizar   Mathematical Library

mizar-items: Exploring fine-grained dependencies in the Mizar Mathematical Library

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ MML(Mathematical Meta Language) ๋‚ด์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ์˜์กด์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํ™œ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. MML์€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ฆ๋ช…๊ณผ ์ •๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์‹ํ™”๋œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ, ์•ฝ 1,100๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์™€ 250๋งŒ ์ค„ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” 5๋งŒ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ •๋ฆฌ์™€ 1๋งŒ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฝ”ํผ์Šค๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ Mizar items ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ MML ๋‚ด์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธ ์˜์กด์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ 

Digital Libraries Mathematics Computer Science
Secured color image watermarking technique in DWT-DCT domain

Secured color image watermarking technique in DWT-DCT domain

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด DWT DCT ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์—์„œ ์ƒ‰์ƒ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์›Œํ„ฐ๋งˆํ‚น ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ YIQ ์ƒ‰ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ณผ DWT, DCT๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ํ•˜์œ„ ๋Œ€์—ญ์— ์›Œํ„ฐ๋งˆํฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์›Œํ„ฐ๋งˆํ‚น์€ ์›๋ณธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์— ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ˆจ๊ฒจ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์„ ๋ช…์‹œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์›Œํ„ฐ๋งˆํ‚น ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์€ ๊ฐ•์ธ์„ฑ, ์ง€๊ฐ ํˆฌ๋ช…๋„, ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ๋ธ”๋ผ์ธ๋“œ ์›Œํ„ฐ๋งˆํ‚น์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์š”์†Œ์— ์˜ํ•ด

Multimedia Computer Science
On inconsistencies in passive pharmacokinetics

On inconsistencies in passive pharmacokinetics

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ˆ˜๋™ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ๋™๋ ฅํ•™์—์„œ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ €์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ง„ํ™” ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ๋™๋ ฅํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ๊ณผ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ๋™๋ ฅํ•™์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, $C(t)$๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ $t$์—์„œ์˜ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜

Quantitative Biology
An Efficient Preprocessing Methodology for Discovering Patterns and   Clustering of Web Users using a Dynamic ART1 Neural Network

An Efficient Preprocessing Methodology for Discovering Patterns and Clustering of Web Users using a Dynamic ART1 Neural Network

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์›น ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ํŒจํ„ด ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ง ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด๋ณด์ž. 1. ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ์›น ๋กœ๊ทธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ž์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•œ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ •๊ตํ•œ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋กœ๊ทธ ํŒŒ์ผ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ 73 82%๊นŒ์ง€ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ๋ถ„์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜

Neural Computing Network Computer Science
Effects of Rotation on Pulsar Radio Profiles

Effects of Rotation on Pulsar Radio Profiles

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํŽ„์‚ฌ์˜ ์ž์ „์ด ์ „ํŒŒ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ƒ์„ธํžˆ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ํŽ„์‚ฌ์˜ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์ž์ „ ์†๋„์™€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์ด ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํŒŒ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์ธ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ๊ณก๋ฅ  ๋ณต์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ญํ•  ํŽ„์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋น ๋ฅธ ์ž์ „ ์†๋„์™€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ž ๋ณ„๋กœ, ์ด๋“ค ํŠน์ง•์€ ํŽ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์ „ํŒŒ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŽ„์‚ฌ์˜ ์ „ํŒŒ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ก ์  ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด 'ํž˜ ์—†์ด' ์ดˆ๊ฐ•๋ ฅ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์˜ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์„ ์ ๋ถ„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ๊ณก๋ฅ  ๋ณต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…๋ฉ

Astrophysics
Losing money with a high Sharpe ratio

Losing money with a high Sharpe ratio

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํˆฌ์ž ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ธก์ • ์ง€ํ‘œ์ธ ์ƒคํ”„ ๋น„์œจ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋†’์€ ์ƒคํ”„ ๋น„์œจ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๊ฐ€ ์†์‹ค์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ƒคํ”„ ๋น„์œจ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์‹ค์ œ ์ž๋ณธ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์ƒคํ”„ ๋น„์œจ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ดํ•ด ์ƒคํ”„ ๋น„์œจ์€ ํˆฌ์ž ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์ด ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์œ„ ์œ„ํ—˜๋‹น ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฒค์น˜๋งˆํฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฒค์น˜๋งˆํฌ๋ฅผ 0์œผ๋กœ

Quantitative Finance
A Radio Based Intelligent Railway Grade Crossing System to Avoid   Collision

A Radio Based Intelligent Railway Grade Crossing System to Avoid Collision

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ฒ ๋„ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ ๊ต์ฐจ์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€๋Šฅํ˜• ์ฒ ๋„ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ตฌํ˜„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ž‘๋™ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ๋ฌด์„  ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ด์ฐจ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐ ํ‡ด์ถœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. 1. ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ธ์‹ ์ฒ ๋„ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ ๊ต์ฐจ์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์šด์ „์ž์˜ ๊ณผ์‹ค, ์•…์ฒœํ›„, ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ตํ†ต ๊ณ„ํš ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฒŒ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋”์šฑ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ตœ๊ทผ 5๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ƒ์„ ์ž…์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2. ๊ธฐ์กด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜

Computer Science System Systems and Control
A Non-Equilibrium Ionization Model of the Local and Loop I Bubbles -   Tracing the Ovi Distribution

A Non-Equilibrium Ionization Model of the Local and Loop I Bubbles - Tracing the Ovi Distribution

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ˜„์ง€ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ(Local Bubble)๊ณผ Loop I ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์˜ ๋น„ํ‰ํ˜• ์ด์˜จํ™” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ OVI(Oxygen VI) ํก์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ์กฐ ๋ฐ€๋„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ด€์ธก ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„ 3์ฐจ์› ์œ ์ฒด์—ญํ•™ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด์˜จํ™” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์ง„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ด€์ธก ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ LB ๋ฐ Loop I ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋ก : ํ˜„์ง€ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์€ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ X์„  ๋ฐฉ์ถœ ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ์„ฑ์งˆ์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ด๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํƒœ

Model Astrophysics
A Rejoinder on Energy versus Impact Indicators

A Rejoinder on Energy versus Impact Indicators

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง€ํ‘œ์ธ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ง€ํ‘œ(I3)๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ €๋„ ์ธ์šฉ ์ ์ˆ˜(JCS)์™€ ๋ถ„์•ผ ์ธ์šฉ ์ ์ˆ˜(FCS)๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ท ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ๋‘ ํžˆํŠธ(citations)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์€ ์ถฉ๋Œ ์‹œ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํ…€์˜ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ ํ•ฉ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ธ์šฉ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ์Šค์นผ๋ผ ํ•ฉ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํƒ€๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” I3๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ Prathap (2011a)์˜ ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ํ™•๋ฅ ์  ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์—ด์—ญํ•™์  ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด

Physics Computer Science Digital Libraries
Unsteady Hydromagnetic Flow of Viscoelastic Fluid down an Open Inclined   Channel

Unsteady Hydromagnetic Flow of Viscoelastic Fluid down an Open Inclined Channel

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ ์ฑ„๋„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์›”ํ„ฐ ์œ ์ฒด์˜ ๋น„์ •์ƒ ์ˆ˜๋ ฅํ•™์  ํ๋ฆ„์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ท ์ผํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ง ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์ด ์ด ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์›”ํ„ฐ ์œ ์ฒด๋Š” ๋น„๋‰ดํ„ด ์œ ์ฒด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ, ๊ณ ์ „์ ์ธ ์‘๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์„ฑํ˜•, ์„ฌ์œ  ์ œ์กฐ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์›”ํ„ฐ ์œ ์ฒด์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ผํ”Œ๋ผ์Šค ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ณผ ์œ ํ•œ ํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ฌ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์†๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜

Physics Computational Engineering Computer Science
Multidimensional Simulations of Thermonuclear Supernovae from the First   Stars

Multidimensional Simulations of Thermonuclear Supernovae from the First Stars

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ณ„๋“ค์ธ Pop III ๋ณ„๋“ค์˜ ์Œ์„ฑํญ๋ฐœ(PSN) ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋‹ค์ฐจ์› ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ 1์ฐจ์› ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜, 2์ฐจ์› ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ณ„๋“ค์˜ ์ง„ํ™”์™€ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ Pop III ๋ณ„์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ณ„๋กœ, ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ์š” ์›์†Œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ›„๋Œ€ ๋ณ„๊ณผ ์€ํ•˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” Pop III ๋ณ„์ด 100 1000 MโŠ™์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•ฝ 20%๊ฐ€

Astrophysics
Hyperdeterminant and an integrable partial differential equation

Hyperdeterminant and an integrable partial differential equation

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ•˜์ดํผ๊ฒฐ์ •์‹๊ณผ ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ํŽธ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฐฐํ„ด ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ํŽธ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ์‘์šฉ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ํ•˜์ดํผ๊ฒฐ์ •์‹๊ณผ ๋ฐฐํ„ด ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ ๋ฐฐํ„ด ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์€ ๋ ˆ๊ทธ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ ํ˜•ํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํŒŒ์ธ๋ ˆ๋ฒ  ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์˜ ์ ๋ถ„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐํ„ด ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ํ˜„์ƒ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ํŽธ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์˜ ํ•ด์„์— ์žˆ์–ด ํ•ต

Nonlinear Sciences
Biologically Inspired Process Calculi, Petri Nets and Membrane Computing

Biologically Inspired Process Calculi, Petri Nets and Membrane Computing

: ์ด ์ฑ…์€ ๋ง‰ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ปดํ“จํŒ…(Membrane Computing) ๋ฐ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ๊ณ„์‚ฐ(Biologically Inspired Process Calculus) ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์•„๋†“์€ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ํŽ˜ํŠธ๋ฆฌ ๋„คํŠธ(Petri Net)๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด ์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์ œ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง‰ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ปดํ“จํŒ…์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ, ํŠนํžˆ ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ณผ ์ •๋ณด ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ์ž๋™ํ™”, ํ˜•

Formal Languages Distributed Computing Computer Science
Modelling of Genetic Regulatory Mechanisms with GReg

Modelling of Genetic Regulatory Mechanisms with GReg

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์œ ์ „์  ์กฐ์ ˆ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ธฐ์กด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋„๊ตฌ์™€ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ฒดํฌ(model checking) ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์ ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, GReg์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ ํŠน์ • ์–ธ์–ด(DSL)๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ํ˜•์‹ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋น„์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ฒดํฌ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. 1. DSL์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์กฐ๊ฑด ํ•˜์—๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ทธ์น˜๋ฉฐ, ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ฒดํฌ๋Š”

Computational Engineering Model Logic Computer Science
No Image

Multiscale Modelling: A Mobile Membrane Approach

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๊ณผ์ • ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๊ตฌํ˜„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ด๋™์„ฑ ๋ง‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ์ž์—ฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์  ๊ทœ๋ชจ์—์„œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณต์žก ์ž๋™๋ฌธ(CxA)์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ์ด๋™์„ฑ ๋ง‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ ์ด๋™์„ฑ ๋ง‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์›€

Formal Languages Quantitative Biology Model Computer Science Emerging Technologies
Petri Nets and Bio-Modelling - and how to benefit from their synergy

Petri Nets and Bio-Modelling - and how to benefit from their synergy

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํŽ˜ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋„ท๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์ ์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŽ˜ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋„ท์€ ๋™์‹œ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ, ํ–‰๋™ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋ง‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ถ”์ƒํ™”ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŽ˜ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋„ท์˜ ์›์ธ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์„ฑ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋Š” ํŽ˜ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋„ท์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฐ˜์‘์—์„œ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํŽ˜ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋„ท๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ์žฌ๊ตฌ

Formal Languages Distributed Computing Model Computer Science
Analytical Representation for Equations of State of Dense Matter

Analytical Representation for Equations of State of Dense Matter

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์ค‘์„ฑ์ž ๋ณ„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹(EoS)์„ ๋ถ„์„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ณด๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ์ค‘๋ ฅ ์ด๋ก ์—์„œ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, 22๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ EoS์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„์  ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์„ฑ์ž ๋ณ„์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ๋ฐ€๋„์™€ ์••๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ฒœ์ฒด๋กœ, ๊ทธ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ ์ด๋ก (GR)์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์•• ํ‰ํ˜• ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹(TOV ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ์ค‘๋ ฅ ์ด๋ก ์—์„œ๋Š” TOV ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋„ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ณ ์ฐจ ๋„ํ•จ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€

Astrophysics
A possible use of the Khas protractor

A possible use of the Khas protractor

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€ ์นด์˜ ๋ฌด๋ค์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ž(protractor)๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋ฉด ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ€์„ค์€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ์„๊ณต ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ฑด์ถ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋„“ํžˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์นด์˜ ๋ฌด๋ค์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ๋ฌผ์ฒด ์นด์™€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์•„๋‚ด ๋ฉ”๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๋ฌด๋ค์€ 18์™•์กฐ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์กด๋œ ๋ฌด๋ค์œผ๋กœ, ์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€ ์นด๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋ชฉ์žฌ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์ ‘์ด์‹ ๊ด€์ ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ž(cubit)์™€ ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ๋„๊ตฌ ๋“ฑ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌผํ’ˆ๋“ค์€ ์นด์˜ ์ง

Physics Mathematics
Development and Modelling of High-Efficiency Computing Structure for   Digital Signal Processing

Development and Modelling of High-Efficiency Computing Structure for Digital Signal Processing

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์Šคํ”Œ๋ผ์ธ(spline) ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๊ณ ์† ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ณต์› ์ปดํ“จํŒ… ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์Šคํ”Œ๋ผ์ธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ์ ์šฉ์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์Šคํ”Œ๋ผ์ธ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ ์Šคํ”Œ๋ผ์ธ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ๋ณดํŽธ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ ๊ทนํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ, ๋†’์€ ์ถ”์ • ์ˆ˜๋ ด๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๋ณต์›์— ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์Šคํ”Œ๋ผ์ธ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ผ์šด๋“œ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•ฝํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด 1์ฐจ์› ๋ฐ ๋‹ค๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์‹ 

Numerical Analysis Model Computer Science
Sorting Algorithms with Restrictions

Sorting Algorithms with Restrictions

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ •๋ ฌ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ์ œํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณต์žก๋„๋ฅผ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ $k$ ์ •๋ ฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ์ •๋ ฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ค‘์ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ •๋ ฌ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋งž์ถ˜ ์ •๋ ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. 1. ์„œ๋ก  ์„œ๋ก ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •๋ ฌ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์„œ์™€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆผ์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ ฌ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ •๋ ฌ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋‘ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋ ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด

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