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VOGCLUSTERS: an example of DAME web application

VOGCLUSTERS: an example of DAME web application

VOGCLUSTERS ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์€ํ•˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ(GC) ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ˜ ์›น ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ VOGCLUSTERS์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์€ํ•˜ ํƒ์‚ฌ ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์€ํ•˜ ๋‚ด ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ(GC)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์–‘์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์€ํ•˜ ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ์ง„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ๊ณผ

Databases Computer Science Astrophysics
Okuns law revisited. Is there structural unemployment in developed   countries?

Okuns law revisited. Is there structural unemployment in developed countries?

: ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์˜ค์ฟค์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ค์—… ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค์ฟค์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์€ GDP ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์‹ค์—…๋ฅ  ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ์‹ค์งˆ GDP 1์ธ๋‹น ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ 1. ์˜ค์ฟค์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™ ์žฌ๊ฒ€ํ†  : ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์˜ค์ฟค์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ค์—… ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” GDP ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์‹ค์—…๋ฅ  ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค์—… ๋™์—ญํ•™์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„์ด๋‹ค. 2. ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์ค‘๋‹จ์  ๋„์ž… : ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์ค‘๋‹จ์ ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ

Quantitative Finance
VC dimension of ellipsoids

VC dimension of ellipsoids

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์—˜๋ฆฝ์†Œ์ด๋“œ์˜ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” VC ์ฐจ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ•™์Šต ์ด๋ก ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์„ ํƒ์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. 1. VC ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์ •์˜์™€ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ VC ์ฐจ์›์€ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ, ๊ฒฝํ—˜์  ๊ณผ์ • ์ด๋ก , ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ํ•™์Šต ์ด๋ก , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์‚ฐ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, VC ์ฐจ์›์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋ธ ์„ ํƒ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. 2. ์—˜๋ฆฝ์†Œ์ด๋“œ์™€ ๊ฐ€์šฐ์‹œ์•ˆ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์—˜๋ฆฝ์†Œ์ด๋“œ๋Š” d์ฐจ์› ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์ •์˜๋˜๋Š” ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ,

Mathematics Statistics Computer Science Machine Learning
Implementing Continuation based language in GCC

Implementing Continuation based language in GCC

: 1. CbC์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์™€ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ CbC๋Š” Continuation Passing Style(CPS)์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ, GNU C ์ปดํŒŒ์ผ๋Ÿฌ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์†๋„๋กœ ์‹คํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. CPS ๋ณ€ํ™˜์€ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ํ˜ธ์ถœ์„ ์—ฐ์† ์ „๋‹ฌ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฝ”๋“œ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ CPS ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ GCC์— ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด C์™€ CbC๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์–ธ์–ด์ธ CwC๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2. CbC์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ํŠน์ง• CbC๋Š” ์ฝ”๋“œ ์„ธ๊ทธ๋จผํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜

Programming Languages Computer Science
Swiss Elections to the National Council: First trials with e-voting in   elections at federal level

Swiss Elections to the National Council: First trials with e-voting in elections at federal level

1. ์ „์žํˆฌํ‘œ ๋„์ž… ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์‹œ๋„ ์Šค์œ„์Šค๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ 1994๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šฐํŽธ ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์›๊ฒฉ ํˆฌํ‘œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ฐธ์—ฌ์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์•ฝ 90% ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํˆฌํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์šฐํŽธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์žํˆฌํ‘œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์œ„์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ํ•ด์™ธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ์Šค์œ„์Šค ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํˆฌํ‘œ ์ฑ„๋„๋กœ์„œ ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2000๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ œ๋„ค๋ฐ”, ๋‰ด์ƒคํ…”, ์ทจ๋ฆฌํžˆ ์„ธ ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์ „์žํˆฌํ‘œ ์‹œ๋ฒ” ์šด์˜์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ด ๊ฐ ์ฃผ์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์กฐ์ • ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ฃผ ์ •์น˜ ์ฒด์ œ

Computers and Society Computer Science
Bringing the LHC and ATLAS to a regional planetarium

Bringing the LHC and ATLAS to a regional planetarium

: ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฏธ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฃผ๋ฆฝ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์˜ ์•„๋ธŒ๋žŒ ์ฒœ๋ฌธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ LHC์™€ ATLAS ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ํ™๋ณด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ค‘ํ™”์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์—, ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ฐฝ์˜์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์ฒœ๋ฌธ๋Œ€ ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ ์ฒœ๋ฌธ๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ต์œก ๋ฐ ํ™๋ณด์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฒœ๋ฌธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ น๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณผํ•™์  ์ง€์‹์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฃผ๋ฆฝ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์˜ ์•„๋ธŒ๋žŒ ์ฒœ๋ฌธ๋Œ€๋Š” ๋งค๋…„ ์•ฝ 35,000๋ช…์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ๊ฐ์„ ๋งž์ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ์ด

Physics HEP-EX
An Efficient Paging Algorithm for Multi-Carrier CDMA System

An Efficient Paging Algorithm for Multi-Carrier CDMA System

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฌด์„  ํ†ต์‹  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜(MS)์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ง(Pageing) ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด CDMA ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ MS๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฌธ์ œ์  ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด CDMA ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ๋Š” MS๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ์ฒญ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด, ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ์ฑ„๋„ ์ž์›์ด ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋™์‹œ ๊ฒ€

Networking System Computer Science
Banded Householder representation of linear subspaces

Banded Householder representation of linear subspaces

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋Œ€์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ํ–‰๋ ฌ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ณผ ํ‘œํ˜„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ํ•˜์šฐ์Šคํ™€๋” ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค: 1. ํ•˜์šฐ์Šคํ™€๋” QR ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ๊ฐœ์š” : ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋จผ์ € ํ•˜์šฐ์Šคํ™€๋” QR ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด m ร— n ์ง๊ต ํ–‰๋ ฌ U ๋ฅผ n ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ•˜์šฐ์Šคํ™€๋” ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ(reflection)์˜ ๊ณฑ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ด n(m (n + 1)/2) ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถ€๋™ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์  ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์‘์šฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ–‰๋ ฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋งŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง๊ต ํ–‰๋ ฌ์€ ๋™๋“ฑํ•˜๋‹ค. 2. ๋ฐด๋“œ ํ•˜์šฐ์Šคํ™€๋” ๋ถ„ํ•ด

Numerical Analysis Computer Science
A Note on the Grothendieck Group of an Additive Category

A Note on the Grothendieck Group of an Additive Category

๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ํ•œ๊ธ€ ์ œ๋ชฉ: ๊ฐ€์‚ฐ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์™€ ๊ทธ๋กœํ…๋””ํฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๋™ํ˜•์„ฑ ์ดˆ๋ก ์ „์ฒด ๋ฒˆ์—ญ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ฆฌ: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ฐ€์‚ฐ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์˜ ์Šคํ”Œ๋ฆฟ ๊ทธ๋กœํ…๋””ํฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์˜ ์œ ํ•œ ๋ณต์žก์ฒด์˜ ํ˜ธ๋ชจํ† ํ”ผ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ผ๊ฐํ™”๋œ ๊ทธ๋กœํ…๋””ํฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ๋™ํ˜•์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ฐ€์‚ฐ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ A์™€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์œ ํ•œ ๋ณต์žก์ฒด์˜ ํ˜ธ๋ชจํ† ํ”ผ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ Kb(A)๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ, A์˜ ์Šคํ”Œ๋ฆฟ ๊ทธ๋กœํ…๋””ํฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน KโŠ•(A)๊ฐ€ Kb(A)์˜ ์‚ผ๊ฐํ™”๋œ ๊ทธ๋กœํ…๋””ํฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน Kโ–ณ(Kb(A))์™€ ๋™ํ˜•์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ˜ธ๋ชจํ† ํ”ผ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์—์„œ์˜ ์—์šธ๋Ÿฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์›๋ž˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ

Mathematics
Discovery of the Expansion of the Universe

Discovery of the Expansion of the Universe

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ƒ์„ธํžˆ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ํ—ˆ๋ธ”๊ณผ ํ•˜๋งˆ์†์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 1920๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1930๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ด€์ธก๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ์ฃผ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํƒ์ƒ‰ ์œ„๋ฅด์ธ ์™€ ๋ฃฌ๋งˆํฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์†๋„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํƒ์ƒ‰์„ ์ด๋Œ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„๋ฅด์ธ ๋Š” 1922๋…„๊ณผ 1924๋…„์— ๋‚˜์„  ์€ํ•˜๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์ƒ‰ํŽธ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฃฌ๋งˆํฌ ์—ญ์‹œ 1925๋…„์— ์ž‘์€ ์„ฑ์šด์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋”

Astrophysics Physics
Tight binding description of the electronic response of a molecular   device to an applied voltage

Tight binding description of the electronic response of a molecular device to an applied voltage

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ์ „์••์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ผ๊ด€๋œ TB ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ์ „์ž ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์ „์••์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ถ„์ž ์žฅ์น˜์˜ I(V) ํŠน์„ฑ ์˜ˆ์ธก์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ถ„์ž ์ „์ž ๊ณตํ•™์€ ๋‹จ์ผ ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ์šด๋ฐ˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „์— ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ TB ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์ •์•ฝ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ์ „์ž ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•๋“ค์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ์˜ ์ ์šฉ์ด ์–ด๋ ค์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Physics
Complexity of Bondage and Reinforcement

Complexity of Bondage and Reinforcement

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ง€๋ฐฐ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ˆซ์ž์™€ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ์ˆซ์ž์˜ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ์ด๋ก ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ NP ์™„์ „์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. 1. ์ง€๋ฐฐ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ G (V, E)์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ผญ์ง“์ ์ด ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋‚ด์˜ ์ธ์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ผญ์ง“์ ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ปค๋ฒ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ฐฐ ์ˆซ์ž ฮณ(G)๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ตœ์†Œ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” NP ์™„์ „์ž„์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ

Mathematics Computational Complexity Computer Science
Application of the Modified 2-opt and Jumping Gene Operators in   Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm to solve MOTSP

Application of the Modified 2-opt and Jumping Gene Operators in Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm to solve MOTSP

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค๋ชฉ์  ์—ฌํ–‰ ํŒ๋งค์› ๋ฌธ์ œ(Multi Objective Traveling Salesman Problem, MOTSP)๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์œ ์ „ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ 2 opt์™€ ์ ํ”„ ์œ ์ „์ž ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ž๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ Elitist ๋น„์šฐ์›” ์ •๋ ฌ ์œ ์ „ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜(NSGA II)์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์—ฌํ–‰ ํŒ๋งค์› ๋ฌธ์ œ(TSP)๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ, ๋‹จ์ผ ๋ชฉ์  TSP๋Š” NP ์™„์ „ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ชฉ์  TSP์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ชฉํ‘œ(์˜ˆ: ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ)๋ฅผ ์ตœ

Neural Computing Artificial Intelligence Computer Science
No Image

The Igusa-Todorov function for comodules

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๊ตฌ์‚ฌ ํ† ๋„ํ”„(IT) ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฝ”๋ชจ๋“ˆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค: 1. IT ํ•จ์ˆ˜์™€ quasi Frobenius ์„ฑ์งˆ: IT ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ฝ”์•Œ๊ฒŒ๋ผ์—์„œ ๊ฐ ์œ ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ฑ ์šฐ(์ขŒ) ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ•ต์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜ธ๋ชฐ๋กœ์ง€ ๋„๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ(์ขŒ) ์•„ํ‹ด ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ ๋ง์˜ selfinjectivity๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด quasi Frobenius ์„ฑ์งˆ๊ณผ IT ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. 2. ์ขŒ(์šฐ) qcF ์ฝ”์•Œ๊ฒŒ๋ผ์˜ ์ •์˜์™€ IT ํ•จ์ˆ˜: ์ขŒ(์šฐ) qua

Mathematics
Numerical simulations of relativistic magnetic reconnection with   Galerkin methods

Numerical simulations of relativistic magnetic reconnection with Galerkin methods

) ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ก ์  ์ž๊ธฐ ์žฌ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊นŠ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ฒœ์ฒด๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ˜„์ƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ, ํŠนํžˆ ํŽ„์‚ฌ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ถŒ, ๊ฐ๋งˆ์„  ํญ๋ฐœ์„ฑ ์ œํŠธ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฒœ์ฒด์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ๋‹ค. 1. ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ก ์  ์ž๊ธฐ ์žฌ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ก ์  ์ž๊ธฐ ์žฌ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์ €์žฅ๋œ ์ž๊ธฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์—ด๊ณผ ์šด๋™ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ฒœ์ฒด๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ˜„์ƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ก ์  Petschek ์žฌ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ด ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๊ธฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ

General Relativity Astrophysics
Complexity

Complexity

1. ํ™˜์›์ฃผ์˜์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๊ณ ์ „์ ์ธ ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ฐ ๊ณตํ•™์€ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜์›์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„, ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์—์„œ ํ™˜์›์ฃผ์˜์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™˜์›์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ ๊ตฐ๋ฝ์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ ๋–ผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ ํ–‰๋™์€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ํ–‰๋™๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ , ์ด์›ƒ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ˜„์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์  ์†์„ฑ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ '๋ฒ•์น™'๊ณผ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ „

Other CS Computer Science
Factorial Moments in Complex Systems

Factorial Moments in Complex Systems

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ•ต ๋ฐ˜์‘์—์„œ ์ตœ์ข… ์ƒํƒœ ์ž…์ž์˜ ๋‹ค์ค‘์„ฑ ๋ถ„ํฌ์™€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์  ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ„์ƒ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ž…์ž ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ๋‹ค์ค‘์„ฑ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. 1. ํ•ต ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์  ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ํ•ต ๋ฐ˜์‘์—์„œ ์ตœ์ข… ์ƒํƒœ ์ž…์ž์˜ ๋‹ค์ค‘์„ฑ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฃผ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๊ทœํ™”๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์  ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค์  ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์€ ํŠน์ • ์œ„์ƒ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์˜์—ญ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ธก์ •๋œ ์ž…์ž ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค

Quantitative Finance System
Vesto Slipher and the First Galaxy Redshifts

Vesto Slipher and the First Galaxy Redshifts

: ๋ฒ ์Šคํ†  ์Šฌ๋ฆฌํผ๋Š” 20์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ดˆ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ธ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ธ๋ฌผ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์€ํ•˜ ์ ์ƒ‰ํŽธ์ด ์ธก์ •์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ก ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์Šฌ๋ฆฌํผ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋ถ„๊ด‘๊ธฐ ๊ฐœ์„  ์Šฌ๋ฆฌํผ๋Š” 1901๋…„ ์ธ๋””์• ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™ ํ•™์‚ฌ ํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ์ทจ๋“ํ•œ ํ›„, ๋กœowell ์ฒœ๋ฌธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด์งํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ถ„๊ด‘๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋งก์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜์„  ์„ฑ์šด์˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ์ดํ•ด์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋ถ„๊ด‘๊ธฐ๋Š” 1๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ง๋ ฌ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„์˜€๋‹ค. ์Šฌ๋ฆฌํผ

Physics Astrophysics
A Frequent Closed Itemsets Lattice-based Approach for Mining Minimal   Non-Redundant Association Rules

A Frequent Closed Itemsets Lattice-based Approach for Mining Minimal Non-Redundant Association Rules

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ˜‘์—… ๊ทœ์น™ ์ถ”์ถœ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ๊ณ„, ์ฆ‰ ๋นˆ๋„ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ(Frequent Itemsets)์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๊ณผ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ํ˜‘์—… ๊ทœ์น™ ์ƒ์„ฑ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ ๋น„์ค‘๋ณต ์—ฐ๊ด€ ๊ทœ์น™(MNAR) ์ถ”์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ํ˜‘์—… ๊ทœ์น™ ์ถ”์ถœ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ํ˜‘์—… ๊ทœ์น™ ์ถ”์ถœ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๋นˆ๋„ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ(FI) ๋˜๋Š” ๋นˆ๋„ ๋‹ซํžŒ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ(FCI)์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ˜‘์—… ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ƒ

Databases Computer Science
Brief comment: Dicke Superradiance and Superfluorescence Find   Application for Remote Sensing in Air

Brief comment: Dicke Superradiance and Superfluorescence Find Application for Remote Sensing in Air

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋”•์ผ€ ์ดˆ๊ณผ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ(SR)์™€ ์ดˆ๊ณผ๋ฐœ๊ด‘(SF), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฆ๊ฐ• ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ(ASE)์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋“ค ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ์›๊ฒฉ ๊ฐ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ Dogariu ์™ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง„์˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด SR๊ณผ SF๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ๋”•์ผ€ ์ดˆ๊ณผ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ(SR)์™€ ์ดˆ๊ณผ๋ฐœ๊ด‘(SF) ๋”•์ผ€๋Š” 1954๋…„์— ๊ฐ€์Šค ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์›์ž ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋œ ํฅ๋ถ„ 2๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ๋ ˆ์ด์ € ๊ณต๋ช… ์—†์ด ํ˜‘๋™ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ๋ณด๋‹ˆํ”ผ

Physics
Comparison Of The Consumption Of Resources Between HTTP And SIP

Comparison Of The Consumption Of Resources Between HTTP And SIP

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ HTTP์™€ SIP ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์˜ ์ž์› ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. VoIP ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜, Asterisk๋ผ๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์ด ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ €๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต์‹  ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก  ์‹คํ—˜์€ Dell Optiplex GX 110 ์„œ๋ฒ„์™€ ํด๋ผ์ด์–ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์šด์˜์ฒด์ œ๋Š” Debian GNU/Linux๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์›น ์„œ๋ฒ„๋กœ Apache๋ฅผ, VoIP ์„œ๋ฒ„๋กœ Asterisk๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด TOP

Networking Computer Science
A Well-Behaved Alternative to the Modularity Index

A Well-Behaved Alternative to the Modularity Index

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ง ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“ˆ๋Ÿฌํ‹ฐ ์ง€์ˆ˜ Q์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ณ„์™€ Borgatti์˜ ฮท ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ถ„ํ•  ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. 1. ๋ชจ๋“ˆ๋Ÿฌํ‹ฐ ์ง€์ˆ˜ Q์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  Q๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์—์„œ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ง ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, Q๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ฐ„์„ ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ฐ„์„ ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ง์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์—์„œ ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ฐ„์„ ์ด ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋˜๋”๋ผ๋„ Q ๊ฐ’์€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด

Social Networks Physics Computer Science
On the Intersection of All Critical Sets of a Unicyclic Graph

On the Intersection of All Critical Sets of a Unicyclic Graph

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์œ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์  ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„, ์ฆ‰ ๋‹จ์ผ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์—์„œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ(core), ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜(corona), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ker(G) ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊นŠ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๊ณผ ๋งค์นญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ฑ์งˆ์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ์ด๋ก ์—์„œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ํ•ต์‹ฌ(core)๊ณผ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜(corona)์˜ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๋“ค์˜ ๊ต์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ด๊ณ , ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๋“ค์˜ ํ•ฉ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ker(G)๋Š” G์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๋“ค์˜ ๊ต์ง‘ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ •

Mathematics Computer Science Discrete Mathematics
On the Testing of Seismicity Models

On the Testing of Seismicity Models

: ์ง€์ง„ ์œ„ํ—˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ํ”ผํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ง€๋„ ์ œ์ž‘์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง€๋„ ์ƒ์„ฑ์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ์ง€์ง„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ, ์ €๊ฐ•๋„ ์ง€์ง„ ํ™œ๋™, ๊ตฌํ…๋ฒ ๋ฅดํฌ ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜ ๋ฒ•์น™ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋“ค ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ง€์ง„ ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ง€์งˆ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ตญ(USGS)์˜ ํ˜‘๋™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ธ CSEP(Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability)๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ RELM(Re

Model Physics
Self-Organizing Mixture Networks for Representation of Grayscale Digital   Images

Self-Organizing Mixture Networks for Representation of Grayscale Digital Images

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด ์Šค์ผ€์ผ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ฝ”ํ˜ธ๋„จ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ (Self Organizing Map, SOM)๊ณผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”ํ˜ธ๋„จ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ (Self Organizing Mixture Network, SOMN)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. 1. ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด ์Šค์ผ€์ผ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด ์Šค์ผ€์ผ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š” ํ”ฝ์…€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋กœ ์ •์˜๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ํ”ฝ์…€์€ ๋ฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฐ’๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ 0์—์„œ 255 ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ •์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋””ํฌ๋ ˆํ‹ฐํ™”๋˜์–ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋ฉ”

Artificial Intelligence Network Computer Science
The complexity of tangent words

The complexity of tangent words

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋งค๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ณก์„ ๊ณผ ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘์„  ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์  ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค: 1. ๋งค๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ์ •์˜์™€ ํŠน์„ฑ : ๋งค๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ณก์„ ์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ง์„  ์œ„์˜ ์ปดํŒฉํŠธ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ I์—์„œ ์ •์˜๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๋“  t โˆˆ I ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ||ฮณโ€ฒ(t)|| > 0 ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์„ฑ์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณก์„ ์€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŒํผ ์žฌ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ t ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ||ฮณโ€ฒ(t)|| 1 ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งค๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ๊ทผ์‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๋ฉด์— ๊ฒฉ์ž๋ง์„ ๊ทธ๋ ค์„œ ๊ณก์„ ์ด ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜•์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ ˆ๋‹จ ์ˆœ์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ, ํ•˜, ์ขŒ, ์šฐ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ

Formal Languages Computational Geometry Computer Science Discrete Mathematics
Advanced phase retrieval: maximum likelihood technique with sparse   regularization of phase and amplitude

Advanced phase retrieval: maximum likelihood technique with sparse regularization of phase and amplitude

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์œ„์ƒ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณต์› ์ •ํ™•๋„์™€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์••์ถ• ๊ฐ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋ณ€๋ถ„์  ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์œ„์ƒ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์œ„์ƒ ํšŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋น›์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๊ด€์ธก ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ๊ฐ์ฒด ํŒŒ๋™์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ „ ์ง€์‹์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ„์ƒ์„ ๋ณต์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ, ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์„ผ์„œ๋Š” ๋น›์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๋งŒ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋ฏ€

Computer Science Computer Vision
Adversary lower bounds in the Hamiltonian oracle model

Adversary lower bounds in the Hamiltonian oracle model

Catchy Title KO: ํ•˜๋ฏธํ„ด ์˜ค๋ผํด ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ์ ๋Œ€์ž ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์–‘์ž ์ฟผ๋ฆฌ ๋ณต์žก๋„ ๋ถ„์„ Abstract KO: ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์–‘์ž ์ฟผ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์˜ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ ๋Œ€์ž ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฏธํ„ด ์˜ค๋ผํด ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์—ฐ์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–‘์ž ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ์ฟผ๋ฆฌ ๋ณต์žก๋„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ด์‚ฐ ์ฟผ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์ˆ˜ ์ฟผ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ ๋Œ€์ž ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฐ์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฏธํ„ด ์˜ค๋ผํด์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ๋‹ค. Deep Ana

Model Computational Complexity Quantum Physics Computer Science
Brouwers fixed point theorem with sequentially at most one fixed point

Brouwers fixed point theorem with sequentially at most one fixed point

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ์–ด ๊ณ ์ •์  ์ •๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทผ์‚ฌ ๊ณ ์ •์ ๊ณผ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ฐ’์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ์–ด ํŒฌ ์ •๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์—์„œ ์ตœ์  ์ „๋žต์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. 1. ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ์–ด ๊ณ ์ •์  ์ •๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ทผ์‚ฌ ๋ฒ„์ „ ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ์–ด ๊ณ ์ •์  ์ •๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น„์Šˆํ”ผ์ฒ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์—์„œ ๊ฑด์„ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๋ช…๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์Šคํผ๋„ˆ์˜ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทผ์‚ฌ ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทผ์‚ฌ ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ์–ด ๊ณ ์ •์  ์ •๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ

Mathematics Game Theory Computer Science
The Vitruvius Tale of Archimedes and the Golden Crown

The Vitruvius Tale of Archimedes and the Golden Crown

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์•„๋ฅดํ‚ค๋ฉ”๋ฐ์Šค์˜ ํ™ฉ๊ธˆ ์™•๊ด€ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŠธ๋ฃจ๋น„์šฐ์Šค์˜ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋น„ํŠธ๋ฃจ๋น„์šฐ์Šค๋Š” ์•„๋ฅดํ‚ค๋ฉ”๋ฐ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์š•์กฐ์—์„œ ๋ฌผ์ด ๋„˜์น˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์™•๊ด€ ๋‚ด ์€ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์•„๋ฅดํ‚ค๋ฉ”๋ฐ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋ฒ•ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์‹œ๊ณ„(clepsydra)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์™•๊ด€์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋น„ํŠธ๋ฃจ๋น„์šฐ์Šค๋Š” ์•„๋ฅดํ‚ค๋ฉ”๋ฐ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์š•์กฐ์—์„œ ๋ฌผ์ด ๋„˜์น˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์™•๊ด€ ๋‚ด ์€ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€

Physics
Recursion Relations and Functional Equations for the Riemann Zeta   Function

Recursion Relations and Functional Equations for the Riemann Zeta Function

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ ์ œํƒ€ ํ•จ์ˆ˜(ฮถ(s))์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์žฌ๊ท€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณต์†Œ ํ‰๋ฉด ์ƒ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ์ œํƒ€ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ธ ์žฌ๊ท€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ‰๋ฉด ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ œํƒ€ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. 1. ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ ์ œํƒ€ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ ์ œํƒ€ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ณต์†Œ์ˆ˜ s์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ •์˜๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์€ ฮถ(s) 2^s ฯ€^(s 1) sin(ฯ€s/2) ฮ“(1 s)๋กœ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ s๋ฅผ 1 s๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด๋„ ๋Œ€์นญ์„ฑ์„ ์œ 

Mathematics
Decomposition of Cellular Balleans

Decomposition of Cellular Balleans

: ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์„ธํฌ ๊ตฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ถ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญํ™” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์†Œ B ( X , P , B )๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ X ์™€ P ๋Š” ๋น„๊ณตํ—ˆ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ด๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋“  x โˆˆ X ์™€ ฮฑ โˆˆ P ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด B(x, ฮฑ) ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์ง€๋ฆ„ ฮฑ ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” X ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญํ™” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ธํฌ ๊ตฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. 1. ๊ตฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ฐœ๋… ๊ตฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์†Œ B ( X , P , B )๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ

Mathematics
An Algebraic Specification of the Semantic Web

An Algebraic Specification of the Semantic Web

๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ํ•œ๊ธ€ ์ œ๋ชฉ: ์„ธ๋ฏธํ‹ฑ ์›น์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™”๋œ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์  ์‚ฌ์–‘: CafeOBJ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ์ดˆ๋ก ์ „์ฒด ๋ฒˆ์—ญ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ฆฌ: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท๊ณผ ์›น ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ง„ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ •๊ณผ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์„ค๋ช…์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ ์‡ผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋œ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์˜ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์  ์‚ฌ์–‘์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‚ฌ์–‘์€ ๊ฐ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด CafeOBJ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋ฏธํ‹ฑ ์›น์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์›น๊ณผ ๊ณต์กดํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์˜๋ฏธ๋ก , ์˜๋ฏธ ๋ฐ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ณด์™„๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” [9]์˜ ์›น ์‚ฌ์–‘์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์„ธ๋ฏธํ‹ฑ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์–‘ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ

Logic Computer Science
Peak Nothing: Recent Trends in Mineral Resource Production

Peak Nothing: Recent Trends in Mineral Resource Production

: 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ด‘๋ฌผ ์ž์›์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋™ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ž์› ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์›๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์ง€์ˆ˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋˜๋Š” ์ดˆ์ง€์ˆ˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ๋‹ค. 2. ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ง€์งˆ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ตญ(USGS)์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋น„์žฌ์ƒ ์ž์›์˜ ์—ฐ๋„๋ณ„ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ˆ„์  ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋‹น ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ , ์ด๋“ค ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์—์„œ ์ถ”์„ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค. 3. ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ : ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€

Physics
The architect Khas protractor

The architect Khas protractor

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€ ์นดํ•˜(Kha)์˜ ๋ฌด๋ค์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊นŠ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์นดํ•˜์˜ ๋ฌด๋ค์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ์ €์šธ ์ผ€์ด์Šค ๋˜๋Š” ์ €์šธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ๊ฑด์ถ• ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์นดํ•˜์™€ ๊ทธ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋“ค ์นดํ•˜(Kha)๋Š” 18์™•์กฐ(์•ฝ 1440 1350๋…„ ์ „) ์„ธ ์™•์˜ ํ†ต์น˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ํ™œ๋™ํ•œ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ๋ฐ๋ฅด ์—˜ ๋ฉ”๋””๋‚˜์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ฌด๋ค์€ ํ…Œ๋ฒ  ๋ฌด๋ค 8ํ˜ธ(TT8)๋กœ, ์•„์„œ ์œ„๊ฐˆ(Arthur Weigall)๊ณผ ์—๋ฅธ์Šคํ† 

Physics
A Class of Special Solutions for the Ultradiscrete Painleve II   Equation

A Class of Special Solutions for the Ultradiscrete Painleve II Equation

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํŒŒ์ธ๋ ˆ๋ธŒ II ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์˜ ์ดˆ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์–ด์ง€๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, q ์ฐจ๋ถ„ ์œ ์‚ฌํ˜• ์—์–ด๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ udPII (์ดˆ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํŒŒ์ธ๋ ˆ๋ธŒ II) ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์˜ ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ณผ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”์™€ p ์ดˆ๊ณผ ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ์ดˆ๊ณผ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ฐจ๋ถ„ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ์…€ ์˜คํ† ๋งˆํ†ค์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ข…์† ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ x<sub>n</sub> ์€ ์ด์‚ฐ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์›๋ž˜์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์ด ์กฐ๊ฐ ์„ ํ˜• ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ์‚ฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ '์Œ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ'๋กœ

Mathematics Nonlinear Sciences
Arrival Directions of Ultrahigh Energy Showers Arrival Directions of   Ultrahigh Energy Showers

Arrival Directions of Ultrahigh Energy Showers Arrival Directions of Ultrahigh Energy Showers

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ณ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์˜ ๋„์ฐฉ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํŽ„์‚ฌ์™€์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•ผ์ฟ ์ธ ํฌ, P. Auger ๋ฐ AGASA ๋ฐฐ์—ด์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดˆ๊ณ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ฐœ์„ (EAS)์˜ ๋„์ฐฉ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. 1. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์•ผ์ฟ ์ธ ํฌ, P. Auger ๋ฐ AGASA ๋ฐฐ์—ด์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ž…์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋„์ฐฉ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์•ผ์ฟ ์ธ ํฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค: ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฌด์˜จ ์ž…์ž ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ EAS์™€ ๋ฌด์˜จ ์ž…์ž ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ EAS์˜ ๋„์ฐฉ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด๋‹ค. ์•ผ์ฟ ์ธ ํฌ ๋ฐฐ์—ด :

Astrophysics
Integration of Constraint Equations in Problems of a Disc and a Ball   Rolling on a Horizontal Plane

Integration of Constraint Equations in Problems of a Disc and a Ball Rolling on a Horizontal Plane

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์›ํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ‰๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๋„๋Ÿฌ์ง ์—†์ด ๊ตด๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋™์—ญํ•™์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ ์ „ ์—ญํ•™์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ž์—ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ‘์ด‰ ๊ถค์ ์˜ ๊ณก๋ฅ  ์˜์กด์„ฑ์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๊ตด๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋™์ž‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊นŠ์€ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์›ํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ตด๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์šด๋™ ์›ํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ‰๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ตด๋Ÿฌ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ, ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์€ ๋น„ํ™€๋ก ์  ์ œ์•ฝ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋™์—ญํ•™์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ œ์•ฝ์€ ์ ‘์ด‰์  P์˜ ์œ„์น˜์™€ ์›ํ˜• ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์˜ ํšŒ์ „๊ฐ ฯ•, ์ „๋‹จ๊ฐ ฯˆ, ๊ทธ

Mathematics Nonlinear Sciences
Is Cloud Computing Steganography-proof?

Is Cloud Computing Steganography-proof?

: 1. ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์ปดํ“จํŒ…์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์œ„ํ˜‘ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์ปดํ“จํŒ…์€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต์œ  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ปดํ“จํŒ… ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ, ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ์žฅ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. NIST๋Š” ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์ปดํ“จํŒ…์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์˜จ๋””๋งจ๋“œ ์…€ํ”„ ์„œ๋น„์Šค, ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ ‘๊ทผ, ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค ํ’€๋ง, ๋น ๋ฅธ ํ™•์žฅ์„ฑ, ์ธก์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋“ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฅ์ ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์ปดํ“จํŒ…์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์œ„ํ˜‘์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ๋ณด์•ˆ ๋™๋งน์ด ์ •์˜ํ•œ 7๋Œ€ ์ฃผ์š” ์œ„ํ˜‘ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์Šคํ…Œ๊ฐ€๋…ธ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ผ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด

Cryptography and Security Computer Science
E-DTN : A Multi-Interface Energy DTN Gateway

E-DTN : A Multi-Interface Energy DTN Gateway

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ธ๋„ ๋†์ดŒ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ถ€์กฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ๋™๋ ฅ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฌด์„  ์„ผ์„œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ฒŒ์ดํŠธ์›จ์ด์ธ E DTN์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ Bluetooth, Wi Fi, GPRS ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๊ณผ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ๋™๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์—ฐ/์ค‘๋‹จ ๋‚ด์„ฑ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ(DTN) ์Šคํƒ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค. 1. ์„œ๋ก  ์„œ๋ก ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ผ์„œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ์ดํŠธ์›จ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ธ๋„ ๋†์ดŒ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ ์ค‘

Networking Computer Science
On the Simulation of Adaptive Measurements via Postselection

On the Simulation of Adaptive Measurements via Postselection

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์–‘์ž ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ์ ์‘ ์ธก์ •์ด ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์–‘์ž ์ปดํ“จํŒ… ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ P ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ํ˜์‹ ์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์„œ๋ก  ์„œ๋ก ์—์„œ๋Š” ํฌ์ŠคํŠธBQP(PostBQP) ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ ํด๋ž˜์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ๊ฐœ์™€ ์•„๋ก ์†์ด ์ œ๊ธฐํ•œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฌ์ŠคํŠธBQP๋Š” ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์–‘์ž ํŠœ๋ง ๋จธ์‹ ์—์„œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ ํด๋ž˜์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํฌ์ŠคํŠธBQP๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋ฅ ์  ํŠœ๋ง ๋จธ์‹ ์— ์˜ํ•ด

Quantum Physics Computational Complexity Computer Science
An Ontology-driven Framework for Supporting Complex Decision Process

An Ontology-driven Framework for Supporting Complex Decision Process

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜จํ†จ๋กœ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ DSS(Decision Support System)์˜ ์ง„ํ™”์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. DSS์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • DSS๋Š” 1960๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์ž์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ์ข…์ข…

Framework Computer Science Artificial Intelligence
A note on the generalized min-sum set cover problem

A note on the generalized min-sum set cover problem

๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ํ•œ๊ธ€ ์ œ๋ชฉ: ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”๋œ ์ตœ์†Œ ํ•ฉ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ์ปค๋ฒ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ์ดˆ๋ก ์ „์ฒด ๋ฒˆ์—ญ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ฆฌ: ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”๋œ ์ตœ์†Œ ํ•ฉ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ์ปค๋ฒ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” Feige, Lovรกsz, Tetali์™€ Hassin, Levin์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•œ ์ตœ์†Œ ํ•ฉ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ์ปค๋ฒ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์ตœ์†Œ ์ง€์—ฐ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ์ปค๋ฒ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Azar, Gamzu, Yin์€ O(log r) ๊ทผ์‚ฌ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, Bansal, Gupta, Krishnaswamy๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ 485.1์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ณด์žฅ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” Skutella

Data Structures Computer Science
A Novel Adaptive Routing through Fitness Function Estimation Technique   with Multiple QoS Parameters Compliance

A Novel Adaptive Routing through Fitness Function Estimation Technique with Multiple QoS Parameters Compliance

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ผ์šฐํŒ… ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ(DV) ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋‹ค์ค‘ QoS ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์„ ํƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ ์‘ํ˜• ๋ผ์šฐํŒ… ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ผ์šฐํŒ…์€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํŒจํ‚ท์„ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€๊นŒ์ง€ ์ „์†กํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ DV ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ๋ผ์šฐํŒ… ๋ฃจํ”„์™€ count to infinity ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ŠคํŒฌ๋‹ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด

Networking Computer Science
Kunchenkos Polynomials for Template Matching

Kunchenkos Polynomials for Template Matching

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 1์ฐจ์› ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์—์„œ ํŠน์ • ๊ฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋น„์ „, ํ•„๊ธฐ ๋ฌธ์ž ์ธ์‹, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋งˆ์ด๋‹ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ…œํ”Œ๋ฆฟ ๋งค์นญ์˜ ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1. ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ฟจ์ฒธ์ฝ” ๋‹คํ•ญ์‹์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํ…œํ”Œ๋ฆฟ ๋งค์นญ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค: ์ธ๊ณต ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ํŠน์ง• ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ํ…œํ”Œ๋ฆฟ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋น„๊ต ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ์ „์ฒด ํ…œํ”Œ๋ฆฟ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฟจ์ฒธ์ฝ” ๋‹คํ•ญ์‹์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ

Computer Science Computer Vision
Nucleated polymerisation in the presence of pre-formed seed filaments

Nucleated polymerisation in the presence of pre-formed seed filaments

: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์˜ค์˜ค์‚ฌ์™€(Oosawa)์˜ ๊ณ ์ „์ ์ธ ๋ˆ„ํด๋ ˆ์ดํ‹ฐ๋“œ ์ค‘ํ•ฉ ์ด๋ก ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ƒ๋ฌผ ํ•„๋ผ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€์ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ฃผ๋œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ „ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ์”จ์•— ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ์˜ ์ค‘ํ•ฉ ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ๋ˆ„ํด๋ ˆ์ดํ‹ฐ๋“œ ์ค‘ํ•ฉ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์˜ค์˜ค์‚ฌ์™€๋Š” 1960๋…„๋Œ€์— ์ƒ๋ฌผ ํ•„๋ผ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ˆ„ํด๋ ˆ์ดํ‹ฐ๋“œ ์ค‘ํ•ฉ ์ด๋ก ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ด๋ก ์€ ์ฃผ๋œ ๋ˆ„ํด๋ ˆ์ด์…˜๊ณผ ๊ธธ์–ด์ง, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ„ํ•ด ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์•กํ‹ด๊ณผ ํŠœ๋ถˆ๋ฆฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์ค‘ํ•ฉ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ์—ํŠผ๊ณผ ํŽ˜๋ก ๋„ค๋Š” ์ด ์ด๋ก ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๋ˆ„ํด๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฝ

Quantitative Biology Physics Condensed Matter
Convex hyperspaces of probability measures and extensors in the   asymptotic category

Convex hyperspaces of probability measures and extensors in the asymptotic category

๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ํ•œ๊ธ€ ์ œ๋ชฉ: ํ™•๋ฅ  ์ธก๋„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์••์ถ• ๊ณต์ง‘์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํ™•์žฅ์„ฑ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ดˆ๋ก ์ „์ฒด ๋ฒˆ์—ญ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ฆฌ: ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์œ„์— ์ •์˜๋œ ํ™•๋ฅ  ์ธก๋„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ทธ ํ•˜์ดํผ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์ธ ์••์ถ• ๊ณต์ง‘์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํ™•์žฅ์ž ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ทผ์‚ฌ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋“ค์ด ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํ™•์žฅ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋“œ๋ผ๋‹ˆ์‹œ๋‹ˆ์ฝ”ํ”„๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™•๋ฅ  ์ธก๋„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ์‚ฌ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํ™•์žฅ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์••์ถ• ๊ณต์ง‘์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•๋ฅ  ์ธก๋„ ๊ณต

Mathematics
Integral Value Transformations: A Class of Discrete Dynamical Systems

Integral Value Transformations: A Class of Discrete Dynamical Systems

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ Integral Value Transformations (IVTs)๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์งˆ์  ๋™์—ญํ•™ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊นŠ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. IVT๋Š” Sk. S. Hassan ์™ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, p adic ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ Collatz ์œ ์‚ฌ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์€ ์…€๋ฃฐ๋Ÿฌ ์˜คํ† ๋งˆํƒ€์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์—ญํ•™ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” IVTs๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋  ๋•Œ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์งˆ์  ๋™์—ญํ•™ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด

System Mathematics Computer Science Discrete Mathematics
Determination of a magnetization parameter of the parsec-scale AGN jets

Determination of a magnetization parameter of the parsec-scale AGN jets

: ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ™œ์„ฑ ์€ํ•˜ ํ•ต(AGN) ์ œํŠธ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐํ™” ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ณฑ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด AGN ์ œํŠธ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 20๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์†Œ์Šค์—์„œ ์–ป์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ถ”์ •ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, AGN ์ œํŠธ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐํ™” ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ์ž…์ž ๋ฐ€๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊นŠ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋ก  ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋งˆ๊ทธ๋„คํ† ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋กœ๋‹ค์ด๋‚ด๋ฏน(MHD) ์ œํŠธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ๊ณฑ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ฮป n/nGJ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ ์žฅ์˜ ์ข…๋‹จ์  ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฌ๋‹์„

Astrophysics
The Unlucky Door

The Unlucky Door

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ชฌํ‹ฐ ํ™€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์ด๋ก ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์„ธ ๋ฌธ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์—์„œ ์ฝ˜์ด์™€ ๋ชฌํ…Œ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์กฐํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋„ค ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ํ™•์žฅ๋œ ๋ฒ„์ „์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์ „๋žต์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. 1. ์„ธ ๋ฌธ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ๋ถ„์„ ์„ธ ๋ฌธ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์€ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ํŒ€์ด ํ•œ ๋ฌธ ๋’ค์— ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๊ณ , ์ฝ˜์ด๊ฐ€ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„ ํƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ๋ชฌํ…Œ๋Š” ์ƒํ’ˆ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฝ˜์ด๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒŒ์ž„์—์„œ ์ฝ˜์ด์˜ ์ „๋žต์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด '1ss'์™€ ๊ฐ™

Game Theory Mathematics Computer Science

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